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      Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression prevalence and associated risk factors among local disaster relief and reconstruction workers fourteen months after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a cross-sectional study.

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          Abstract

          Many local workers have been involved in rescue and reconstruction duties since the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) on March 11, 2011. These workers continuously confront diverse stressors as both survivors and relief and reconstruction workers. However, little is known about the psychological sequelae among these workers. Thus, we assessed the prevalence of and personal/workplace risk factors for probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), probable depression, and high general psychological distress in this population.

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          Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review.

          Y Neria, A. Nandi, S Galea (2008)
          Disasters are traumatic events that may result in a wide range of mental and physical health consequences. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is probably the most commonly studied post-disaster psychiatric disorder. This review aimed to systematically assess the evidence about PTSD following exposure to disasters. MethodA systematic search was performed. Eligible studies for this review included reports based on the DSM criteria of PTSD symptoms. The time-frame for inclusion of reports in this review is from 1980 (when PTSD was first introduced in DSM-III) and February 2007 when the literature search for this examination was terminated. We identified 284 reports of PTSD following disasters published in peer-reviewed journals since 1980. We categorized them according to the following classification: (1) human-made disasters (n=90), (2) technological disasters (n=65), and (3) natural disasters (n=116). Since some studies reported on findings from mixed samples (e.g. survivors of flooding and chemical contamination) we grouped these studies together (n=13). The body of research conducted after disasters in the past three decades suggests that the burden of PTSD among persons exposed to disasters is substantial. Post-disaster PTSD is associated with a range of correlates including sociodemographic and background factors, event exposure characteristics, social support factors and personality traits. Relatively few studies have employed longitudinal assessments enabling documentation of the course of PTSD. Methodological limitations and future directions for research in this field are discussed.
          Article 0 comments Cited 383 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Validity of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9) in the general population.

            Alexandra M. Martin, Winfried Rief, Antje Klaiberg … (2005)
            The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9). It has been subject to studies in medical settings, but its validity as a screening for depression in the general population is unknown. A representative population sample (2,066 subjects, 14-93 years) filled in the PHQ-9 for diagnosis [major depressive disorder, other depressive disorder, depression screen-positive (DS+) and depression screen-negative (DS-)] and other measures for distress (GHQ-12), depression (Brief-BDI) and subjective health perception (EuroQOL; SF-36). A prevalence rate of 9.2% of a current PHQ depressive disorder (major depression 3.8%, subthreshold other depressive disorder 5.4%) was identified. The two depression groups had higher Brief-BDI and GHQ-12 scores, and reported lower health status (EuroQOL) and health-related quality of life (SF-36) than did the DS- group (P's < .001). Strong associations between PHQ-9 depression severity and convergent variables were found (with BDI r = .73, with GHQ-12 r = .59). The results support the construct validity of the PHQ depression scale, which seems to be a useful tool to recognize not only major depression but also subthreshold depressive disorder in the general population.
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              60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001.

              Fran Norris, Matthew Friedman, Patricia Watson … (2002)
              Results for 160 samples of disaster victims were coded as to sample type, disaster type, disaster location, outcomes and risk factors observed, and overall severity of impairment. In order of frequency, outcomes included specific psychological problems, nonspecific distress, health problems, chronic problems in living, resource loss, and problems specific to youth. Regression analyses showed that samples were more likely to be impaired if they were composed of youth rather than adults, were from developing rather than developed countries, or experienced mass violence (e.g., terrorism, shooting sprees) rather than natural or technological disasters. Most samples of rescue and recovery workers showed remarkable resilience. Within adult samples, more severe exposure, female gender, middle age, ethnic minority status, secondary stressors, prior psychiatric problems, and weak or deteriorating psychosocial resources most consistently increased the likelihood of adverse outcomes. Among youth, family factors were primary. Implications of the research for clinical practice and community intervention are discussed in a companion article (Norris, Friedman, and Watson, this volume).
              Article 0 comments Cited 229 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Psychiatry
                Title: BMC psychiatry
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-244X
                ISSN (Print): 1471-244X
                Publication date (Electronic): Mar 24 2015
                Volume: 15
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. asakuma-thk@umin.ac.jp.
                [2 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. asakuma-thk@umin.ac.jp.
                [3 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. takahashi-yoko@umin.ac.jp.
                [4 ] Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. takahashi-yoko@umin.ac.jp.
                [5 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. u.ik.n.n.a.2226@gmail.com.
                [6 ] Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. u.ik.n.n.a.2226@gmail.com.
                [7 ] Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. hirotoshi-sato@umin.net.
                [8 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. hirotoshi-sato@umin.net.
                [9 ] Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. katsura-thk@umin.ac.jp.
                [10 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. katsura-thk@umin.ac.jp.
                [11 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. abemikika@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
                [12 ] Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. abemikika@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
                [13 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. ayami.n@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
                [14 ] Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. ayami.n@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
                [15 ] Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan. yrsuzuki@ncnp.go.jp.
                [16 ] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. m-kaki@umin.ac.jp.
                [17 ] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. tsuji1@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
                [18 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. mtok-thk@umin.ac.jp.
                [19 ] Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. mtok-thk@umin.ac.jp.
                [20 ] Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, 2-18-21 Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0014, Japan. kaz-mat@umin.net.
                [21 ] Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. kaz-mat@umin.net.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12888-015-0440-y
                DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0440-y
                PMC ID: 4374405
                PubMed ID: 25879546
                SO-VID: 81a14f4e-a42e-4459-bf00-11f7c6e4c22f
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