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      Premacular Cell Proliferation Profiles in Tangential Traction Vitreo-Maculopathies Suggest a Key Role for Hyalocytes

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          Abstract

          Purpose: To compare immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of premacular tissue surgically removed from eyes with tangential traction vitreo-maculopathies. Methods: By spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), premacular tissue was differentiated into premacular proliferation and premacular membrane (PMM). Specimens were harvested during vitrectomy from 10 eyes with macular pucker, lamellar macular hole (LMH) and full-thickness macular hole, and prepared for immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results: All specimens showed positive autofluorescence consistent with the yellow colour of peeled tissue. Glial cells were predominantly positive in premacular proliferation. Hyalocytes were the main cell type in PMM. Electron microscopy revealed densely packed premacular glial cells neighbouring hyalocytes and vitreous collagen strands. Myofibroblasts with features indicative of contractile properties were found in PMM, exclusively. Cell composition of premacular proliferation was free of contractile elements. Conclusion: All three types of vitreo-maculopathy have similar cell constituents in their premacular tissue. Cell population of premacular proliferation is not unique for LMHs. Corresponding to SD-OCT, electron microscopy demonstrates hyalocytes and vitreous collagen in PMMs both directly adjacent to the cellular complex of premacular proliferation. Study results point to the vitreous as one important pathogenic player potentially driving the degenerative cellular process at the vitreoretinal interface in tangential traction vitreo-maculopathies.

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          The macular pigment. II. Spatial distribution in primate retinas.

          J Auran, D Snodderly, F Delori (1984)
          The spatial density distribution of macular pigment in primate retinas was described by two-wavelength microdensitometry of retinal sections. The macular pigment is most dense along the path of the receptor axons in the center of the fovea. Another band of high density is present in the inner plexiform layer in many retinas. The density in both fiber layers declines to low, relatively constant levels within 1 mm eccentricity. Both the total retinal density of macular pigment and the contributions of subsets of the retinal layers were estimated by integrating along the path of light traversing the retina from the vitreal surface to the outer segments. The integrated densities were measured at several eccentricities to establish the profile of macular pigment density along a diameter through the fovea. The macular pigment profile was unimodal in some cases and trimodal in others. The main central peak always occurred in the center of the fovea. The total retinal density of the central peak ranged from 0.42-1.0 absorbance. Most of the pigment is interposed between the outer segments and the stimulating light and is effective as a visual filter. The macular pigment is dichroic, with the major axis of absorption oriented tangential to a circle centered on the fovea. This is consistent with commonly accepted explanations of Haidinger 's brushes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 88 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Redefining lamellar holes and the vitreomacular interface: an ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography study.

            Andre J. Witkin, Tony Ko, James Fujimoto … (2006)
            To define optical coherence tomographic (OCT) criteria for the diagnosis of a lamellar macular hole, and to increase understanding of lamellar hole pathogenesis by examining fine anatomic features using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR OCT). Retrospective observational case series. Nineteen eyes of 18 patients with lamellar holes were imaged with UHR OCT between 2002 and 2004. A UHR OCT system was developed for use in the ophthalmology clinic. All 6 UHR OCT images for each eye imaged were examined. Lamellar holes were diagnosed based on a characteristic OCT appearance. Criteria for the OCT diagnosis of a lamellar hole were as follows: (1) irregular foveal contour; (2) break in the inner fovea; (3) intraretinal split; and (4) intact foveal photoreceptors. From 1205 eyes of 664 patients imaged with UHR OCT, and retrospectively reviewed, 19 eyes of 18 patients were diagnosed with a lamellar hole based on these criteria. All 19 eyes were also imaged with standard resolution OCT. Their charts were retrospectively reviewed. Standard and ultrahigh-resolution OCT images. On chart review, clinical diagnosis of a lamellar hole was made in only 7 of 19 eyes (37%). Twelve of 19 eyes (63%) had an epiretinal membrane (ERM) on clinical examination. Ten of 19 eyes (53%) had a posterior vitreous detachment. On UHR OCT, 17 of 19 eyes (89%) had ERMs. Eleven ERMs had an unusual thick appearance on UHR OCT. Due to poor visual acuity, 4 eyes underwent vitrectomy. Only 1 of 4 surgeries (25%) was visually and anatomically successful. Another eye improved visually, but a lamellar hole persisted. One eye progressed to a full-thickness macular hole preoperatively, which reopened after surgery. One eye developed a full-thickness hole postoperatively. The diagnosis of a lamellar hole can be made based on OCT criteria, which could be applied to both standard and ultrahigh-resolution OCT. The increased resolution of UHR OCT sheds light on the pathogenesis of the lamellar hole. Epiretinal membranes were visualized on UHR OCT in the majority of eyes. Many ERMs had an unusual thick appearance on UHR OCT, which may represent either trapped vitreous or posterior hyaloid, and may help stabilize retinal anatomy. Conversely, ERM contraction may play a role in lamellar hole formation. Vitrectomy surgery was anatomically and visually successful in only 1 of 4 patients, suggesting caution when performing vitrectomy on lamellar holes.
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              Epiretinal proliferation seen in association with lamellar macular holes: a distinct clinical entity.

              Richard Spaide, K. Bailey Freund, Claudine Pang (2014)
              To describe the prevalence and imaging characteristics of a distinct entity of epiretinal proliferation seen predominantly in association with lamellar macular holes (LMH), termed lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP).
              Article 0 comments Cited 65 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OPH
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ophthalmologica
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0030-3755
                Title: Ophthalmologica
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0030-3755
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0267
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2019
                Publication date (Print): July 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 April 2019
                Volume: 242
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 106-112
                Affiliations
                Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
                Author notes
                *Denise Vogt, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Vitreoretinal Pathology Unit, Mathildenstrasse 8, DE–80336 Munich (Germany), E-Mail denise.vogt@med.uni-muenchen.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-6675
                Article
                Publisher ID: 495853 Other ID: Ophthalmologica 2019;242:106–112
                DOI: 10.1159/000495853
                PubMed ID: 30947188
                SO-VID: f84c6f04-2789-4d3f-9d77-ac761e934933
                Copyright © © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 02 July 2018
                Date accepted : 27 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
                Keywords: Immunocytochemistry,Transmission electron microscopy,Premacular proliferation,Full-thickness macular hole,Hyalocytes,Lamellar macular hole,Tangential traction vitreo-maculopathy,Premacular membrane,Vitreoschisis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Pathology
                Keywords: Immunocytochemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, Premacular proliferation, Full-thickness macular hole, Hyalocytes, Lamellar macular hole, Tangential traction vitreo-maculopathy, Premacular membrane, Vitreoschisis

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