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      Técnica de pull-back para implante de stent em lesões de bifurcação com envolvimento único do óstio do ramo lateral: avaliação dos resultados iniciais e aos seis meses pós-implante

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Lesões coronárias em bifurcação ainda representam um desafio ao tratamento percutâneo, com sucesso do procedimento abaixo do esperado e altas taxas de reestenose. A técnica de pull-back é uma opção no tratamento de lesões coronárias de bifurcações que apresentam acometimento isolado do óstio de ramos laterais, embora seus resultados a médio prazo ainda não sejam conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados angiográficos iniciais e aos seis meses com essa técnica em nossa casuística. MÉTODO: A técnica consiste no posicionamento de duas guias, seguido do stent no ramo lateral e do balão no vaso principal encobrindo a origem do ramo. Após a insuflação do balão no vaso principal, o stent é tracionado em direção ao vaso principal até contato com o balão e, então, liberado. RESULTADOS: Foram tratados 37 pacientes consecutivos. Os ramos diagonais foram os mais freqüentemente abordados (70,3%). O diâmetro de referência dos ramos laterais foi de 2,51 ± 0,37 mm e a extensão da lesão, de 11,1 ± 3,7 mm. A pressão de liberação dos stents no ramo lateral foi de 12,8 ± 1,9 atm e a pressão de insuflação do balão no vaso principal, de 7,8 ± 0,9 atm. O sucesso do implante ocorreu em todos os procedimentos. Foram submetidos a coronariografia tardia 22 (59,5%) pacientes, tendo sido observada reestenose no ramo lateral em nove (40,9%) pacientes e desenvolvimento de lesões > 50% no vaso principal em sete (31,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Lesões isoladas localizadas no óstio de ramos laterais tratadas com stent pela técnica de pull-back apresentaram elevadas taxas de sucesso do procedimento. No seguimento a médio prazo, entretanto, observou-se elevada taxa de reestenose no ramo lateral e alto risco de desenvolvimento de uma nova obstrução no vaso principal.

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          Most cited references21

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          Randomized study to evaluate sirolimus-eluting stents implanted at coronary bifurcation lesions.

          A sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher, Cordis Corp) has been reported to markedly decrease restenosis in selected lesions; higher-risk lesions, including coronary bifurcations, have not been studied. This prospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions. Patients were randomly assigned to either stenting of both branches (group A) or stenting of the main branch with provisional stenting of the side branch (SB) (group B). Eighty-five patients (86 lesions) were enrolled. There was 1 case of unsuccessful delivery of any device at the bifurcation site. Given the high crossover, more lesions were treated with 2 stents (n=63) than with stent/balloon (n=22). Clinical follow-up at 6 months was completed in all patients and angiographic follow-up in 53 patients in group A (85.5%) and 21 in group B (95.4%). One patient died suddenly 4.5 months after the procedure. There were 3 cases of stent thrombosis (3.5%). The total restenosis rate at 6 months was 25.7%, and it was not significantly different between the double-stenting (28.0%) and the provisional SB-stenting (18.7%) groups. Fourteen of the restenosis cases occurred at the ostium of the SB and were focal. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 7 cases; target vessel failure occurred in 15 cases (17.6%). These results are an improvement compared with historical controls using bare metal stents. Restenosis at the SB remains a problem. At this time, no statement can be made regarding the most appropriate technique to use when treating bifurcations with the Cypher stent.
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            Rapamycin-eluting stents for the treatment of bifurcated coronary lesions: a randomized comparison of a simple versus complex strategy.

            Rapamycin-eluting stents (RES) have been shown to reduce restenosis in many types of lesions. However, the ideal strategy for the treatment of coronary bifurcated lesions has not been established to date. This randomized study compares 2 strategies for the RES treatment of bifurcation lesions: a simple approach (stenting the main vessel and balloon dilatation for the side branch [SB]) versus a complex approach (stents for both vessels). To compare both strategies, a randomized study was conducted in 91 patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions. All patients received an RES at the main vessel, covering the SB. Patients from group A (n = 47) were assigned to balloon dilation of the involved SB (simple strategy); patients in group B (n = 44) were randomized to receive a second stent at the SB origin (complex strategy). There were no differences between groups regarding baseline clinical and angiographic data. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 3 patients from group A (2 non-Q-wave myocardial infarctions and 1 target lesion revascularization). Six-month angiographic reevaluation was obtained in 80 patients (88%). Restenosis of the main vessel was observed in 1 (2%) patient from group A and in 4 (10%) from group B. Restenosis of the SB appeared in 2 (5%) patients from group A and in 6 (15%) from group B. Both strategies are effective in reducing the restenosis rate, with no differences in terms of clinical outcome. Elective SB stenting seems to provide no advantages over the simpler stent jail followed by SB balloon dilation.
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              Stenting of bifurcation lesions: Classification, treatments, and results

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                RBCI
                Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva
                Rev. Bras. Cardiol. Invasiva
                FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
                2179-8397
                2008
                2008
                : 16
                : 1
                : 44-49
                Article
                10.1590/S2179-83972008000100010
                57b8b1aa-0ddc-4c08-8522-f52684b18163
                © 2008

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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