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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

      105,621 Monthly downloads/views I 7.033 Impact Factor I 10.9 CiteScore I 1.22 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.032 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles

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          Abstract

          Copper nanoparticle synthesis has been gaining attention due to its availability. However, factors such as agglomeration and rapid oxidation have made it a difficult research area. In the present work, pure copper nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of a chitosan stabilizer through chemical means. The purity of the nanoparticles was authenticated using different characterization techniques, including ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial as well as antifungal activity of the nanoparticles were investigated using several microorganisms of interest, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, and Candida albicans. The effect of a chitosan medium on growth of the microorganism was studied, and this was found to influence growth rate. The size of the copper nanoparticles obtained was in the range of 2–350 nm, depending on the concentration of the chitosan stabilizer.

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          Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance.

          L. Hirsch, R Stafford, J. Bankson … (2011)
          Metal nanoshells are a class of nanoparticles with tunable optical resonances. In this article, an application of this technology to thermal ablative therapy for cancer is described. By tuning the nanoshells to strongly absorb light in the near infrared, where optical transmission through tissue is optimal, a distribution of nanoshells at depth in tissue can be used to deliver a therapeutic dose of heat by using moderately low exposures of extracorporeally applied near-infrared (NIR) light. Human breast carcinoma cells incubated with nanoshells in vitro were found to have undergone photothermally induced morbidity on exposure to NIR light (820 nm, 35 W/cm2), as determined by using a fluorescent viability stain. Cells without nanoshells displayed no loss in viability after the same periods and conditions of NIR illumination. Likewise, in vivo studies under magnetic resonance guidance revealed that exposure to low doses of NIR light (820 nm, 4 W/cm2) in solid tumors treated with metal nanoshells reached average maximum temperatures capable of inducing irreversible tissue damage (DeltaT = 37.4 +/- 6.6 degrees C) within 4-6 min. Controls treated without nanoshells demonstrated significantly lower average temperatures on exposure to NIR light (DeltaT < 10 degrees C). These findings demonstrated good correlation with histological findings. Tissues heated above the thermal damage threshold displayed coagulation, cell shrinkage, and loss of nuclear staining, which are indicators of irreversible thermal damage. Control tissues appeared undamaged.
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            Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles.

            Jayesh P Ruparelia, Arup Chatterjee, Siddhartha P Duttagupta … (2008)
            The antimicrobial properties of silver and copper nanoparticles were investigated using Escherichia coli (four strains), Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (three strains). The average sizes of the silver and copper nanoparticles were 3 nm and 9 nm, respectively, as determined through transmission electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of silver and copper nanoparticles revealed that while silver was in its pure form, an oxide layer existed on the copper nanoparticles. The bactericidal effect of silver and copper nanoparticles were compared based on diameter of inhibition zone in disk diffusion tests and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of nanoparticles dispersed in batch cultures. Bacterial sensitivity to nanoparticles was found to vary depending on the microbial species. Disk diffusion studies with E. coli and S. aureus revealed greater effectiveness of the silver nanoparticles compared to the copper nanoparticles. B. subtilis depicted the highest sensitivity to nanoparticles compared to the other strains and was more adversely affected by the copper nanoparticles. Good correlation was observed between MIC and MBC (r2=0.98) measured in liquid cultures. For copper nanoparticles a good negative correlation was observed between the inhibition zone observed in disk diffusion test and MIC/MBC determined based on liquid cultures with the various strains (r2=-0.75). Although strain-specific variation in MIC/MBC was negligible for S. aureus, some strain-specific variation was observed for E. coli.
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              Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

              Woo Kyung Jung, Hye Cheong Koo, Ki Woo Kim … (2008)
              The antibacterial effect and mechanism of action of a silver ion solution that was electrically generated were investigated for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by analyzing the growth, morphology, and ultrastructure of the bacterial cells following treatment with the silver ion solution. Bacteria were exposed to the silver ion solution for various lengths of time, and the antibacterial effect of the solution was tested using the conventional plate count method and flow cytometric (FC) analysis. Reductions of more than 5 log(10) CFU/ml of both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were confirmed after 90 min of treatment with the silver ion solution. Significant reduction of S. aureus and E. coli cells was also observed by FC analysis; however, the reduction rate determined by FC analysis was less than that determined by the conventional plate count method. These differences may be attributed to the presence of bacteria in an active but nonculturable (ABNC) state after treatment with the silver ion solution. Transmission electron microscopy showed considerable changes in the bacterial cell membranes upon silver ion treatment, which might be the cause or consequence of cell death. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that silver ions may cause S. aureus and E. coli bacteria to reach an ABNC state and eventually die.
              Article 0 comments Cited 423 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine
                Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9114
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 November 2013
                Volume: 8
                Pages: 4467-4479
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
                [2 ]Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
                [3 ]Materials and Energy, Research Center, Karaj, Iran
                [4 ]Faculty of Pharmacy, UiTM, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
                [5 ]Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Muhammad Sani Usman, Nor Azowa Ibrahim Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang UPM 43400, Selangor, Malaysia, Tel +601 6361 9032, Fax +603 8943 2508, Email muhusma@ 123456gmail.com , norazowa@ 123456science.upm.edu.my
                Mohamed Ezzat El Zowalaty, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email elzow001@ 123456gmail.com , melzowalaty@ 123456jazan.edu.sa
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijn-8-4467
                DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S50837
                PMC ID: 3839804
                SO-VID: de92f46d-3a1d-46cc-9f68-332626cc04e6
                Copyright © © 2013 Usman et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License
                License:

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: chitosan,copper nanoparticles,antimicrobial activity,chemical synthesis,aqueous medium
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: chitosan, copper nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, chemical synthesis, aqueous medium

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