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# Cosmological solutions to the Lithium problem: Big-bang nucleosynthesis with photon cooling, $$X$$-particle decay and a primordial magnetic field

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### Abstract

The $$^7$$Li abundance calculated in BBN with the baryon-to-photon ratio fixed from fits to the CMB power spectrum is inconsistent with the observed lithium abundances on the surface of metal-poor halo stars. Previous cosmological solutions proposed to resolve this $$^7$$Li problem include photon cooling (possibly via the Bose-Einstein condensation of a scalar particle) or the decay of a long-lived $$X-$$particle (possibly the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle). In this paper we reanalyze these solutions, both separately and in concert. We also introduce the possibility of a primordial magnetic field (PMF) into these models. We constrain the $$X-$$particles and the PMF parameters by the observed light element abundances using a likelihood analysis to show that the inclusion of all three possibilities leads to an optimum solution to the lithium problem. We deduce allowed ranges for the $$X-$$particle parameters and energy density in the PMF that can solve $$^7$$Li problem.

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###### Journal
1407.0021

Cosmology & Extragalactic astrophysics