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      Symptoms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Men and Women: The Same but Different?

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          Abstract

          Introduction and Objective

          Typical symptoms for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) include osteoporosis, bone or joint pain, and nephrolithiasis, as well as fatigue, depression, gastritis, and cardiovascular disease. The female:male ratio was 3:1. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the possible influence of gender-specific aspects of these symptoms.

          Methods

          From February 2018 to November 2019, parathyroid surgery was performed in 125 patients with pHPT (age: 23–83 years); 95 (76%) were female, and 30 (24%) were male. Preoperatively, a standardized medical history including 7 typical symptoms of pHPT was used for routine clinical documentation according to the StuDoQ Thyroid and Parathyroid Registry.

          Results

          For both groups (mean age: 60.4 years for females and 60.2 years for males), no sex differences were found in serum calcium or parathyroid hormone levels. For females, there was a tendency towards smaller hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands (16.8 vs. 20.5 mm) with less weight (1.14 vs. 1.52 g) and multiglandular disease. Nephrolithiasis was significantly more frequent in men than in women (36.7 vs. 16.8%, respectively; p = 0.036), but the difference in hypertension was not significant (60% in men vs. 47.4% in women, p = 0.230). Women reported significantly more often bone and joint pain (44.2% in women vs. 20% in men, p = 0.053) and depressive episodes (32.6% in women vs. 10% in men, p = 0.016).

          Conclusion

          91.2% of patients transferred for parathyroidectomy described typical symptoms of pHPT. However, an unexpected high gender difference was found following the analysis of symptoms documented in the StuDoQ Registry.

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          Most cited references17

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          Study on the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany comparing the years 1979 vs. 2000.

          In 1979, we conducted a representative study to determine the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany. Significant progress in stone therapy and changes in nutritional and environmental factors since then consequently led to a second study in 2001 under the same conditions as in 1979. A representative sample of 7500 persons from all over Germany was questioned on the occurrence of urinary stones during their lifetimes (prevalence) and on acute urolithiasis in 2000 (incidence). Additionally, data were collected on urinary stone therapy and metaphylaxis. The current data were then compared with those from 1979. Prevalence has risen from 4% to 4.7% from 1979 to 2001. 9.7% of the 50-64 year old males in 2000 had already had urinary stones (females: 5.9%). The current recurrence rate of urinary stones was estimated to be 42%. In the year 2000, the incidence of urolithiasis in Germany was found to be 1.47% (1979: 0.54%). Over 40% of the stones were passed spontaneously. There has been a marked increase in the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany within the last 22 years. This probably results from improvements in clinical-diagnostic procedures, changes in nutritional and environmental factors and a general apathy towards metabolic clarification and metaphylaxis.
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            Current issues in the presentation of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop.

            This report summarizes data on traditional and nontraditional manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) that have been published since the last International Workshop on PHPT.
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              Primary hyperparathyroidism: review and recommendations on evaluation, diagnosis, and management. A Canadian and international consensus

              The purpose of this review is to assess the most recent evidence in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and provide updated recommendations for its evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. A Medline search of "Hyperparathyroidism. Primary" was conducted and the literature with the highest levels of evidence were reviewed and used to formulate recommendations. PHPT is a common endocrine disorder usually discovered by routine biochemical screening. PHPT is defined as hypercalcemia with increased or inappropriately normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is most commonly seen after the age of 50 years, with women predominating by three to fourfold. In countries with routine multichannel screening, PHPT is identified earlier and may be asymptomatic. Where biochemical testing is not routine, PHPT is more likely to present with skeletal complications, or nephrolithiasis. Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is indicated for those with symptomatic disease. For asymptomatic patients, recent guidelines have recommended criteria for surgery, however PTx can also be considered in those who do not meet criteria, and prefer surgery. Non-surgical therapies are available when surgery is not appropriate. This review presents the current state of the art in the diagnosis and management of PHPT and updates the Canadian Position paper on PHPT. An overview of the impact of PHPT on the skeleton and other target organs is presented with international consensus. Differences in the international presentation of this condition are also summarized.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Visc Med
                Visc Med
                VIS
                Visceral Medicine
                S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.com )
                2297-4725
                2297-475X
                February 2020
                22 January 2020
                1 February 2021
                : 36
                : 1
                : 41-47
                Affiliations
                [1] aDepartment of Endocrine Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Mainz, Mainz, Germany
                [2] bDepartment of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
                Author notes
                *Prof. Theresia Weber, Klinik für Endokrine Chirurgie, Katholisches Klinikum Mainz, An der Goldgrube 11, DE–55129 Mainz (Germany), E-Mail t-weber@ 123456kkmainz.de
                Article
                PMC7036559 PMC7036559 7036559 vis-0036-0041
                10.1159/000505497
                7036559
                32110656
                6271b914-3af5-4de5-b91c-6a39fa028857
                Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel
                History
                : 3 December 2019
                : 17 December 2019
                : 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Research Article

                Primary hyperparathyroidism,Gender,Symptoms
                Primary hyperparathyroidism, Gender, Symptoms

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