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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      Evaluation of intra-renal oxygenation by BOLD MRI.

      Nephron. Clinical practice
      Humans, Kidney Diseases, blood, diagnosis, metabolism, Kidney Medulla, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, methods, Oxygen

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          Abstract

          This is a review of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI as applied to the kidney. It has been shown that BOLD MRI measurements reflect changes in renal oxygenation, especially in the medulla. Renal medulla functions in a hypoxic milieu and is extremely sensitive to further decrease in blood flow or increase in oxygen consumption. Availability of a non-invasive technique such as BOLD MRI should allow for better understanding of the factors involved in the maintenance of renal oxygenation status, not only in animal models, but also in humans. Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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          Most cited references32

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          Hypoxia of the renal medulla--its implications for disease.

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            The Magnetic Properties and Structure of Hemoglobin, Oxyhemoglobin and Carbonmonoxyhemoglobin.

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              Reactive oxygen species cause diabetes-induced decrease in renal oxygen tension.

              Augmented formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hyperglycaemia has been suggested to contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus, as well as the effects of preventing excessive ROS formation by alpha-tocopherol treatment, on regional renal blood flow, oxygen tension and oxygen consumption in anaesthetized Wistar Furth rats. Non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic rats were investigated after 4 weeks with or without dietary treatment with the radical scavenger DL-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E, 5%). A laser-Doppler technique was used to measure regional renal blood flow, whilst oxygen tension and consumption were measured using Clark-type microelectrodes. Renal oxygen tension, but not renal blood flow, was lower throughout the renal parenchyma of diabetic rats when compared to non-diabetic control rats. The decrease in oxygen tension was most pronounced in the renal medulla. Renal cellular oxygen consumption was markedly increased in diabetic rats, predominantly in the medullary region. Diabetes increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the renal medulla. Treatment with alpha-tocopherol throughout the course of diabetes prevented diabetes-induced disturbances in oxidative stress, oxygen tension and consumption. The diabetic animals had a renal hypertrophy and a glomerular hyperfiltration, which were unaffected by alpha-tocopherol treatment. We conclude that oxidative stress occurs in kidneys of diabetic rats predominantly in the medullary region and relates to augmented oxygen consumption and impaired oxygen tension in the tissue.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                16543757
                10.1159/000090610

                Chemistry
                Humans,Kidney Diseases,blood,diagnosis,metabolism,Kidney Medulla,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,methods,Oxygen

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