Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development-Folate Review.

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Abstract

The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. Specifically, the BOND program provides state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutrients in body tissues at the individual and population level. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review represents the second in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of folate biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of folate's history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers (serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine concentrations) and their interpretation across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The article also includes a list of priority research needs for advancing the area of folate biomarkers related to nutritional health status and development.

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Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression.

Arun Sreekumar, Laila Poisson, Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran … (2009)

Multiple, complex molecular events characterize cancer development and progression. Deciphering the molecular networks that distinguish organ-confined disease from metastatic disease may lead to the identification of critical biomarkers for cancer invasion and disease aggressiveness. Although gene and protein expression have been extensively profiled in human tumours, little is known about the global metabolomic alterations that characterize neoplastic progression. Using a combination of high-throughput liquid-and-gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometry, we profiled more than 1,126 metabolites across 262 clinical samples related to prostate cancer (42 tissues and 110 each of urine and plasma). These unbiased metabolomic profiles were able to distinguish benign prostate, clinically localized prostate cancer and metastatic disease. Sarcosine, an N-methyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, was identified as a differential metabolite that was highly increased during prostate cancer progression to metastasis and can be detected non-invasively in urine. Sarcosine levels were also increased in invasive prostate cancer cell lines relative to benign prostate epithelial cells. Knockdown of glycine-N-methyl transferase, the enzyme that generates sarcosine from glycine, attenuated prostate cancer invasion. Addition of exogenous sarcosine or knockdown of the enzyme that leads to sarcosine degradation, sarcosine dehydrogenase, induced an invasive phenotype in benign prostate epithelial cells. Androgen receptor and the ERG gene fusion product coordinately regulate components of the sarcosine pathway. Here, by profiling the metabolomic alterations of prostate cancer progression, we reveal sarcosine as a potentially important metabolic intermediary of cancer cell invasion and aggressivity.

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A simple method for estimating global DNA methylation using bisulfite PCR of repetitive DNA elements.

Allen Yang, Marcos R H Estécio, Ketan Doshi … (2004)

We report a method for studying global DNA methylation based on using bisulfite treatment of DNA and simultaneous PCR of multiple DNA repetitive elements, such as Alu elements and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE). The PCR product, which represents a pool of approximately 15 000 genomic loci, could be used for direct sequencing, selective restriction digestion or pyrosequencing, in order to quantitate DNA methylation. By restriction digestion or pyrosequencing, the assay was reproducible with a standard deviation of only 2% between assays. Using this method we found that almost two-thirds of the CpG methylation sites in Alu elements are mutated, but of the remaining methylation target sites, 87% were methylated. Due to the heavy methylation of repetitive elements, this assay was especially useful in detecting decreases in DNA methylation, and this assay was validated by examining cell lines treated with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (DAC), where we found a 1-16% decrease in Alu element and 18-60% LINE methylation within 3 days of treatment. This method can be used as a surrogate marker of genome-wide methylation changes. In addition, it is less labor intensive and requires less DNA than previous methods of assessing global DNA methylation.

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Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. China-U.S. Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defect Prevention.

Robert J. Berry, Zhu Hua Li, J Erickson … (1999)

Periconceptional administration of folic acid can reduce a woman's risk of having a fetus or infant with a neural-tube defect. As part of a public health campaign conducted from 1993 to 1995 in an area of China with high rates of neural-tube defects (the northern region) and one with low rates (the southern region), we evaluated the outcomes of pregnancy in women who were asked to take a pill containing 400 microg of folic acid alone daily from the time of their premarital examination until the end of their first trimester of pregnancy. Among the fetuses or infants of 130,142 women who took folic acid at any time before or during pregnancy and 117,689 women who had not taken folic acid, we identified 102 and 173, respectively, with neural-tube defects. Among the fetuses or infants of women who registered before their last menstrual period and who did not take any folic acid, the rates of neural-tube defects were 4.8 per 1000 pregnancies of at least 20 weeks' gestation in the northern region and 1.0 per 1000 in the southern region. Among the fetuses or infants of the women with periconceptional use of folic acid, the rates were 1.0 per 1000 in the northern region and 0.6 per 1000 in the southern region. The greatest reduction in risk occurred among the fetuses or infants of a subgroup of women in the northern region with periconceptional use who took folic acid pills more than 80 percent of the time (reduction in risk, 85 percent as compared with the fetuses or infants of women who registered before their last menstrual period and who took no folic acid; 95 percent confidence interval, 62 to 94 percent) [corrected]. In the southern region the reduction in risk among the fetuses or infants of women with periconceptional use of folic acid was also significant (reduction in risk, 41 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 64 percent). Periconceptional intake of 400 microg of folic acid daily can reduce the risk of neural-tube defects in areas with high rates of these defects and in areas with low rates.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Nutr.

Title: The Journal of nutrition

Publisher: American Society for Nutrition

ISSN (Electronic): 1541-6100

ISSN (Print): 0022-3166

Publication date (Electronic): Jul 2015

Volume: 145

Issue: 7

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; raitend@mail.nih.gov folate@uga.edu.

[2 ] Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY;

[3 ] Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom;

[4 ] Genome Health Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Food, Nutrition, and Bioproducts Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, Australia;

[5 ] Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL;

[6 ] Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD;

[7 ] National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA;

[8 ] Department of Clinical Science, Univeristy of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;

[9 ] Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland;

[10 ] Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA;

[11 ] National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA; and.

[12 ] Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD.

[13 ] Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA;

[14 ] Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD; raitend@mail.nih.gov folate@uga.edu.

Article

Publisher Item ID: jn.114.206599

DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206599

PMC ID: 4478945

PubMed ID: 26451605

SO-VID: 77578d7c-a326-4c02-899b-b5c847d3c469

History

Keywords: BOND,RBC folate,folate biomarkers,homocysteine,serum folate

Data availability:

Keywords: BOND, RBC folate, folate biomarkers, homocysteine, serum folate

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Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development-Folate Review.

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Journal of Circulating Biomarkers

Most cited references 307

Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression.

A simple method for estimating global DNA methylation using bisulfite PCR of repetitive DNA elements.

Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. China-U.S. Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defect Prevention.

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Cited by 113

Most referenced authors 3,860