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      La influencia de los padres sobre el consumo de alcohol y tabaco y otros hábitos de los adolescentes de Palma de Mallorca en 2003

      Revista española de salud pública
      Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo
      Alcohol, Tobacco, Habits, Adolescents, Parents, Tabaco, Hábitos, Adolescentes, Padres

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          Abstract

          Fundamento. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco es frecuente entre los adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de los hábitos de los padres en los de sus hijos. Métodos. Se estudió a los adolescentes de 13 a 15 años de la isla de Mallorca y a sus padres. Mediante métodos previamente validados se recabó su nivel socioeconómico, sus hábitos (ingesta de alcohol, tabaquismo, práctica de deportes y consumo de televisión), y el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes. Resultados. Participaron 4.019 adolescentes y 7.359 padres. Un bajo nivel socioeconómico se asoció con un mayor riesgo de que los adolescentes fumaran (OR=3,86, IC 95%: 2,30-6,48; p=0,000), bebieran alcohol (OR=1,88; 95% IC: 1,40-2,54; p=0,000), suspendieran alguna asignatura (OR=6,37, IC 95%: 4,23-9,61; p=0,000), vieran 2 horas diarias de televisión (OR=1,97;95%IC: 1,69-2,29; p=0,000), y no practicaran deporte (OR=0,55, IC 95%: 0,38-0,80; p=0,001). Además, en el riesgo de que fumaran influyó que la madre bebiera (OR 1,76 IC95% 1,24-1,51; p=0,002), en el de que suspendieran los hijos (no las hijas) que los padres fumaran (OR 1,89 IC95% 1,33-2,68; p=0,000), y los correspondientes hábitos en los padres aumentaron la probabilidad de que los adolescentes bebieran alcohol (OR 1,91 IC95% 1,43-2,51; p=0,000), vieran más de 2 horas diarias la televisión (OR 1,97 IC95% 1,68-2,29; p=0,000) e hicieran deporte (OR 6,67 IC95% 2,57-14,96; p=0,000). Conclusiones. Un bajo nivel socioeconómico se asocia a un mayor riesgo de que los adolescentes españoles fumen, beban alcohol, suspendan, vean más televisión y no practiquen deporte. Además, el que la madre beba se asocia a un mayor riesgo de que sus hijos fumen y beban, y el que ambos padres beban se asocia a un mayor riesgo de que sus hijos lo hagan. La práctica de deportes y el tiempo que pasan ante el televisor los padres influyen en los hábitos correspondientes por parte de sus hijos, pero no influyen en que el adolescente beba o fume.

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          Most cited references100

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          Reviewing theories of adolescent substance use: Organizing pieces in the puzzle.

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            Sports participation and health-related behaviors among US youth.

            To examine the relationship between sports participation and health-related behaviors among high school students. Cross-sectional design using data from the 1997 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A nationally representative sample of 14,221 US high school students. Prevalence of sports participation among males and females from 3 ethnic groups and its associations with other health behaviors, including diet, tobacco use, alcohol and illegal drug use, sexual activity, violence, and weight loss practices. Approximately 70% of male students and 53% of female students reported participating on 1 or more sports teams in school and/or nonschool settings; rates varied substantially by age, sex, and ethnicity. Male sports participants were more likely than male nonparticipants to report fruit and vegetable consumption on the previous day and less likely to report cigarette smoking, cocaine and other illegal drug use, and trying to lose weight. Compared with female nonparticipants, female sports participants were more likely to report consumption of vegetables on the previous day and less likely to report having sexual intercourse in the past 3 months. Among white males and females, several other beneficial health behaviors were associated with sports participation. A few associations with negative health behaviors were observed in African American and Hispanic subgroups. Sports participation is highly prevalent among US high school students, and is associated with numerous positive health behaviors and few negative health behaviors.
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              Do parents still matter? Parent and peer influences on alcohol involvement among recent high school graduates.

              This study investigated the influences of peer and parent variables on alcohol use and problems in a sample of late adolescents in the summer immediately prior to entry into college. Participants (N = 556) completed a mail survey assessing peer influences (alcohol offers, social modeling, perceived norms), parental behaviors (nurturance, monitoring), and attitudes and values (disapproval for heavy drinking, permissiveness for drinking), and alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated significant associations between both peer and parental influences and alcohol involvement, and showed that parental influences moderated peer-influence-drinking behavior, such that higher levels of perceived parental involvement were associated with weaker relations between peer influences and alcohol use and problems. These findings suggest that parents continue to exert an influential role in late adolescent drinking behavior.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                S1135-57272008000600008
                10.1590/s1135-57272008000600008
                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                Public health
                Alcohol,Tobacco,Habits,Adolescents,Parents,Tabaco,Hábitos,Adolescentes,Padres
                Public health
                Alcohol, Tobacco, Habits, Adolescents, Parents, Tabaco, Hábitos, Adolescentes, Padres

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