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      Hemodialysis-Related Nodulocystic Acne Treated with Isotretinoin

      , ,
      Nephron
      S. Karger AG

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          Abstract

          Some hemodialysis patients, without taking any acnegenic agents, developed severe nodulocystic acne with unknown causes. Because nodulocystic acne poorly responds to conventional acne therapy and increases the black pigmentation in the face, it severely interferes with the quality of life of these patients. To investigate whether isotretinoin is effective in treating hemodialysis patients with severe nodulocystic acne, we undertook a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. A total of 20 patients with nodulocystic acne participated in the study, of whom 18 completed it. Ten patients received isotretinoin 10 mg/day (5 mg/capsule) for 3 months as a study group and the other 10 took placebo for 3 months as a control group. The severity of acne and treatment-related side effects were evaluated monthly by a questionnaire and laboratory evaluation which included liver function tests, blood lipids and blood platelet counts. The results showed isotretinoin treatment significantly reduced the severity of acne of the study group patients after 1 month (scales of acne severity: 4.0 ± 0.0 vs. 3.13 ± 0.35, p < 0.01) and 3 months (4.0 ± 0.0 vs. 1.5 ± 0.76, p < 0.01) of follow-up. In addition, the severity of acne of the study group patients was significantly less than that of the control group patients after 1 month (3.13 ± 0.35 vs. 3.80 ± 0.42, p < 0.01) and 3 months (1.5 ± 0.76 vs. 3.70 ± 0.48, p < 0.001) of treatment. Only mild side effects were noted. No significant changes of biochemical evaluation were found except that a mild elevation of aspartate aminotransferase was noted in the study group patients. However, two study group patients withdrew from the trial because of isotretinoin-related side effects and toxic hepatitis. In summary, our study first demonstrated that the small dose of isotretinoin effectively treated nodulocystic acne of hemodialysis patients and the side effects were mild. This result suggests that isotretinoin may be the treatment of choice for nodulocystic acne in end-stage renal disease patients with renal replacement therapy. The liver function and other isotretinoin-related side effects in these patients should be carefully monitored.

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          Oral Retinoids in the Treatment of Seborrhoea and Acne

          Isotretinoin is an extremely effective drug if given systemically in severe forms of seborrhoea and acne, being the only retinoid with potent sebostatic properties. Its unique activity on the sebaceous gland still remains unclear since isotretinoin barely binds to cellular retinoic-acid-binding proteins and to retinoic acid receptors. Its bioavailability is approximately 25% and can be increased by food 1.5–2 times; after 30 min, the drug is detectable in the blood and maximal concentrations are reached 2–4 h after oral intake. The major metabolites of isotretinoin in blood are 4-hydroxy- and 4-oxo-isotretinoin, while several glucuronides are detectable in the bile. 4-Oxo-isotretinoin is present in plasma in a 2- to 4-fold higher concentration 6 h after a single dose. Steady-state concentrations appear after 1 week. The half-life elimination rate of the parent compound ranges from 7 to 37 h while that of some metabolites does so from 11 to 50 h. Isotretinoin crosses the placenta and is recognized as a strong teratogenic compound. About 10–30% of the drug is metabolized via its isomer tretinoin. Excretion of isotretinoin occurs after conjugation with the faeces or after metabolization with the urine. The epidermal levels of isotretinoin are rather low and no progressive accumulation, either in serum or in the skin, is found. After discontinuation of therapy, isotretinoin disappears from serum and skin within 2–4 weeks. Isotretinoin is the most effective drug in reducing sebaceous gland size (up to 90%) by decreasing proliferation of basal sebocytes, suppressing sebum production and inhibiting sebocyte differentiation in vivo. The molecular basis for its antisebotrophic activity has not been fully elucidated. Isotretinoin also exhibits anti-inflammatory activities. Systemic isotretinoin is today the regimen of choice in severe seborrhoea, since it reduces sebocyte lipid synthesis by 75% with daily doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg after 4 weeks. Patients who have received oral isotretinoin therapy for seborrhoea do not usually experience a relapse for months or years. In severe acne, a 6- to 12-month treatment with isotretinoin 1 mg/kg/day reduced to 0.5 or 0.2 mg/kg/day according to the response is recommended (cumulative dose of >120 mg/kg). Contraception is essential during isotretinoin treatment in women of childbearing age 1 month before, during and for 3 months after discontinuation of treatment.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            Nephron
            Nephron
            S. Karger AG
            1660-8151
            2235-3186
            July 1 1999
            1999
            February 10 1999
            : 81
            : 2
            : 146-150
            Article
            10.1159/000045270
            d3c15013-aa11-4e19-8bf5-6f6495748ca4
            © 1999

            https://www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses

            https://www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses

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