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      International Journal of COPD (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on pathophysiological processes underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) interventions, patient focused education, and self-management protocols. Sign up for email alerts here.

      39,063 Monthly downloads/views I 2.893 Impact Factor I 5.2 CiteScore I 1.16 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 0.804 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      The direct and indirect costs of managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Greece.

      International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
      Dove Medical Press Ltd.
      COPD, Greece, direct cost, burden, indirect cost

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          Abstract

          COPD is associated with significant economic burden. The objective of this study was to explore the direct and indirect costs associated with COPD and identify the key cost drivers of disease management in Greece.

          Most cited references13

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          COPD Surveillance—United States, 1999-2011

          This report updates surveillance results for COPD in the United States. For 1999 to 2011, data from national data systems for adults aged ≥ 25 years were analyzed. In 2011, 6.5% of adults (approximately 13.7 million) reported having been diagnosed with COPD. From 1999 to 2011, the overall age-adjusted prevalence of having been diagnosed with COPD declined (P = .019). In 2010, there were 10.3 million (494.8 per 10,000) physician office visits, 1.5 million (72.0 per 10,000) ED visits, and 699,000 (32.2 per 10,000) hospital discharges for COPD. From 1999 to 2010, no significant overall trends were noted for physician office visits and ED visits; however, the age-adjusted hospital discharge rate for COPD declined significantly (P = .001). In 2010 there were 312,654 (11.2 per 1,000) Medicare hospital discharge claims submitted for COPD. Medicare claims (1999-2010) declined overall (P = .045), among men (P = .022) and among enrollees aged 65 to 74 years (P = .033). There were 133,575 deaths (63.1 per 100,000) from COPD in 2010. The overall age-adjusted death rate for COPD did not change during 1999 to 2010 (P = .163). Death rates (1999-2010) increased among adults aged 45 to 54 years (P < .001) and among American Indian/Alaska Natives (P = .008) but declined among those aged 55 to 64 years (P = .002) and 65 to 74 years (P < .001), Hispanics (P = .038), Asian/Pacific Islanders (P < .001), and men (P = .001). Geographic clustering of prevalence, Medicare hospitalizations, and deaths were observed. Declines in the age-adjusted prevalence, death rate in men, and hospitalizations for COPD since 1999 suggest progress in the prevention of COPD in the United States.
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            Prevalence of COPD in Greece.

            The prevalence of COPD in Greece is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends of COPD among adults in Greece. This study involved 888 randomly identified adults (475 men and 413 women) aged > 35 years, and smokers of at least 100 cigarettes, in a population-based, multiregional, cross-sectional descriptive design. The selected individuals reflected the urban/rural population distribution in Greece and, within each study region, the age group and gender of the community setting. The diagnosis of COPD was based on clinical and spirometric data including reversibility test (DeltaFEV(1) 35 years with a smoking history of > 100 cigarettes per lifetime was 8.4%. The gender-standardized COPD prevalence was 11.6% for men and 4.8% for women. The COPD prevalence by community setting was as follows: Athens, 6%; other urban areas, 10.1%; semiurban areas, 8.5%; and rural areas, 9.1%. Smoking intensity and age were significantly associated with higher COPD prevalence in both men and women. COPD is a substantial health problem in Greece, although prevalence rates are lower than expected when the high smoking rates are taken into account. The high proportion of the patients with mild COPD who were unaware of their illness highlights the need to increase public awareness of COPD.
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              The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                28546747
                5436756
                10.2147/COPD.S132825

                COPD,Greece,direct cost,burden,indirect cost
                COPD, Greece, direct cost, burden, indirect cost

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