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      The Hidden Face of Fear in the COVID-19 Era: The Amygdala Hijack

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic has placed an overwhelming health and economic burden [1] and, most likely, has had a dramatic impact on emotional regulation. An Italian 32-year-old healthy right-handed woman, resident in Piacenza, Italy, one of the red areas, underwent a functional MRI with a visual task where happy faces and threat-related cues were shown. Images of an intensive care unit correlated with a stronger activation of bilateral amygdala than did other tasks (p < 0.05, corrected) (Fig. 1). Indeed, when rating fear, the amygdala gives priority to 2019-nCoV in people subjected to the psychological consequences of the pandemic. When emotion takes over, the amygdala hijack occurs [2]. Statement of Ethics Human and animal studies have been approved by the local Ethics Committee and, therefore, been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Specific national laws have been observed, too. The patient gave written informed consent for publication of the case, including brain MRI images. Disclosure Statement The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article. Funding Sources This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. No financial support was provided for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Author Contributions Study concepts: N. Morelli and P. Immovilli. Study design: N. Morelli, M. Spallazzi, and D. Colombi. Data analysis/interpretation: N. Morelli. Manuscript preparation and definition of intellectual content: N. Morelli and E. Rota. Manuscript editing: N. Morelli and E. Rota. Manuscript revision/review: D. Guidetti and E. Michieletti.

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          Novel Coronavirus and Old Lessons — Preparing the Health System for the Pandemic

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            Author and article information

            Journal
            ENE
            Eur Neurol
            10.1159/issn.0014-3022
            European Neurology
            S. Karger AG
            0014-3022
            1421-9913
            2020
            July 2020
            11 May 2020
            : 83
            : 2
            : 220-221
            Affiliations
            [_a] aNeurology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
            [_b] bRadiology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
            [_c] cNeurology Unit, San Giacomo Hospital Novi Ligure, Alessandria, Italy
            [_d] dDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
            Author notes
            *Dr. Nicola Morelli, Neurology and Radiology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Via Taverna 49, IT–29121 Piacenza (Italy), nicola.morelli.md@gmail.com
            Author information
            https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-2243
            Article
            508297 Eur Neurol 2020;83:220–221
            10.1159/000508297
            32392566
            3d9125dd-837a-440c-9789-3d0ec39c32c6
            © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel

            Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

            History
            : 27 April 2020
            : 28 April 2020
            Page count
            Figures: 1, Pages: 2
            Categories
            Neurologic Image

            Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health

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