Evaluation of the Xpert HCV Viral Load point-of-care assay from venepuncture-collected and finger-stick capillary whole-blood samples: a cohort study.

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Abstract

Point-of-care hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA testing offers an advantage over antibody testing (which only indicates previous exposure), enabling diagnosis of active infection in a single visit. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Xpert HCV Viral Load assay with venepuncture and finger-stick capillary whole-blood samples.

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The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection.

Jason Grebely, Kimberly Page, Rachel Sacks-Davis … (2014)

Although 20%-40% of persons with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection demonstrate spontaneous clearance, the time course and factors associated with clearance remain poorly understood. We investigated the time to spontaneous clearance and predictors among participants with acute HCV using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Data for this analysis were drawn from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts evaluating outcomes after acute HCV infection. Among 632 participants with acute HCV, 35% were female, 82% were Caucasian, 49% had interleukin-28 (IL28)B CC genotype (rs12979860), 96% had injected drugs ever, 47% were infected with HCV genotype 1, and 7% had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Twenty-eight percent were HCV antibody negative/RNA positive at the time of acute HCV detection (early acute HCV). During follow-up, spontaneous clearance occurred in 173 of 632, and at 1 year after infection, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21, 29) had cleared virus. Among those with clearance, the median time to clearance was 16.5 weeks (IQR: 10.5, 33.4), with 34%, 67%, and 83% demonstrating clearance at 3, 6, and 12 months. Adjusting for age, factors independently associated with time to spontaneous clearance included female sex (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR]: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.18), IL28B CC genotype (versus CT/TT; AHR, 2.26; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.34), and HCV genotype 1 (versus non-genotype 1; AHR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.30). The effect of IL28B genotype and HCV genotype on spontaneous clearance was greater among females, compared to males. Female sex, favorable IL28B genotype, and HCV genotype 1 are independent predictors of spontaneous clearance. Further research is required to elucidate the observed sex-based differences in HCV control. © 2013 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

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Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries.

P Bruggmann, Mark T. Berg, A L H Øvrehus … (2014)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. For some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. The largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6,358,000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2,106,000 cases in 2007. The age distribution of cases differed between countries. In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level.

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Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries - volume 2.

V Saraswat, S Norris, R J de Knegt … (2015)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. In many countries, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data that are crucial in implementing disease control measures as new treatment options become available. Published literature, unpublished data and expert consensus were used to determine key parameters, including prevalence, viremia, genotype and the number of patients diagnosed and treated. In this study of 15 countries, viremic prevalence ranged from 0.13% in the Netherlands to 2.91% in Russia. The largest viremic populations were in India (8 666 000 cases) and Russia (4 162 000 cases). In most countries, males had a higher rate of infections, likely due to higher rates of injection drug use (IDU). Estimates characterizing the infected population are critical to focus screening and treatment efforts as new therapeutic options become available.

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Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol

Title: The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Electronic): 2468-1253

Publication date (Electronic): July 2017

Volume: 2

Issue: 7

Affiliations

[1 ] The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: jgrebely@kirby.unsw.edu.au.

[2 ] The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

[3 ] The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

[4 ] Matthew Talbot Hostel, St Vincent de Paul Society NSW Support Services, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

[5 ] South Western Sydney Local Health District, Cabramatta, NSW, Australia.

[6 ] Cairns Sexual Health Service, Cairns, QLD, Australia.

[7 ] Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

[8 ] Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.

[9 ] Cepheid AB, Solna, Sweden.

[10 ] St Vincent's Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2468-1253(17)30075-4

DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30075-4

PubMed ID: 28442271

SO-VID: 0eb9b67f-5383-4ac0-bd41-375f9166b887

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Evaluation of the Xpert HCV Viral Load point-of-care assay from venepuncture-collected and finger-stick capillary whole-blood samples: a cohort study.

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Point-Of-Care Testing for Hepatitis

Most cited references 22

The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection.

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries.

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries - volume 2.

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