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      Correlation between porous texture and cell seeding efficiency of gas foaming and microfluidic foaming scaffolds.

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          Abstract

          In the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, morphological parameters such as pore size, shape, and interconnectivity, as well as transport properties, should always be tailored in view of their clinical application. In this work, we demonstrate that a regular and ordered porous texture is fundamental to achieve an even cell distribution within the scaffold under perfusion seeding. To prove our hypothesis, two sets of alginate scaffolds were fabricated using two different technological approaches of the same method: gas-in-liquid foam templating. In the first one, foam was obtained by insufflating argon in a solution of alginate and a surfactant under stirring. In the second one, foam was generated inside a flow-focusing microfluidic device under highly controlled and reproducible conditions. As a result, in the former case the derived scaffold (GF) was characterized by polydispersed pores and interconnects, while in the latter (μFL), the porous structure was highly regular both with respect to the spatial arrangement of pores and interconnects and their monodispersity. Cell seeding within perfusion bioreactors of the two scaffolds revealed that cell population inside μFL scaffolds was quantitatively higher than in GF. Furthermore, seeding efficiency data for μFL samples were characterized by a lower standard deviation, indicating higher reproducibility among replicates. Finally, these results were validated by simulation of local flow velocity (CFD) inside the scaffolds proving that μFL was around one order of magnitude more permeable than GF.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl
          Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications
          Elsevier BV
          1873-0191
          0928-4931
          May 2016
          : 62
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Tissue Engineering Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy.
          [2 ] Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
          [3 ] Tissue Engineering Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy.
          [4 ] Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 02507 Warsaw, Poland.
          [5 ] Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: andrea.barbetta@uniroma1.it.
          Article
          S0928-4931(16)30103-5
          10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.010
          26952471
          0d9a029c-178f-4fb2-9884-f31d67ba998b
          Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          History

          Bioreactor,Cell seeding efficiency,Microfluidic foaming,Porous scaffolds

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