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      X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency due to a novel mutation complicated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and presented with invagination: A case report

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          Abstract

          Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inherited disease with profoundly defective T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. X-linked SCID (X-SCID) is its most common form. In this report, we describe a 4-month-old male with X-SCID who presented invagination and also showed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The patient was admitted to our hospital with fever, cough, vomiting, monoliasis, and hepatosplenomegaly in postoperative period at the age of 3 months. The laboratory finding revealed no detectable T cells and hypogammaglobulinemia despite normal B-cell counts. Diagnosis of X-SCID was established by DNA analysis of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor gamma chain gene ( IL2RG); namely, we detected the novel mutation in the splice-site of exon 5 (c.595-1G>T). The patient died due to infection at the age of 4 months. Also, this case is the first report that describes the patient with X-SCID with presented invagination.

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          Most cited references11

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          Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain mutation results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans.

          The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is a component of high and intermediate affinity IL-2 receptors that is required to achieve full ligand binding affinity and internalization. We have localized the IL-2R gamma gene to human chromosome Xq13. Genetic linkage analysis indicates that the IL-2R gamma gene and the locus for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) appear to be at the same position. Moreover, we demonstrate that each of three unrelated patients with XSCID has a different mutation in his IL-2R gamma gene resulting in a different premature stop codon and predicted C-terminal truncation. These data establish that XSCID is associated with mutations of the IL-2R gamma gene product. Since XSCID is characterized by absent or markedly reduced numbers of T cells, our findings imply that IL-2R gamma plays a vital role in thymic maturation of T cells. These results also have important implications for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, carrier female detection, and gene therapy for XSCID.
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            Human severe combined immunodeficiency: genetic, phenotypic, and functional diversity in one hundred eight infants.

            To determine the relative frequencies of the different genetic forms of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and whether there are distinctive characteristics of the particular genotypes. The demographic, genetic, and immunologic features of 108 infants with SCID who were treated consecutively at Duke University Medical Center were analyzed. Eighty-nine subjects were boys and 19 were girls; there were 84 white infants, 16 black infants, and 8 Hispanic infants. Forty-nine had X-linked SCID with mutations of common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c), 16 had adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, 8 had Janus kinase 3 (Jak3) deficiency, 21 had unknown autosomal recessive mutations, 1 had reticular dysgenesis, 1 had cartilage hair hypoplasia, and 12 (all boys) had SCID of undetermined type. Deficiency of ADA caused the most profound lymphopenia; gamma c or Jak3 deficiency resulted in the most B cells and fewest natural killer (NK) cells; NK cells and function were highest in autosomal recessive and unknown types of SCID. Different SCID genotypes are associated with distinctive lymphocyte characteristics. The presence of NK function in ADA-deficient, autosomal recessive, and unknown type SCIDs, and low NK function in a majority of gamma c and Jak3 SCIDs indicates that some molecular lesions affect T, B, and NK cells (gamma c and Jak3), others primarily T cells (ADA deficiency), and others just T and B cells.
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              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              Intussusception in early childhood: a cohort study of 1.7 million children.

              To describe incidence and temporal trends of intussusceptions in Danish children during 1980 to 2001. A population-based cohort study was conducted of 1.67 million children who were younger than 5 years during 1980 to 2001 and were followed up for 6.66 million person-years. The Danish National Patient Registry was used to identify cases of intussusception in the cohort. Age-specific incidence rates were main outcome measure. A total of 1814 cases of intussusception among children who were younger than 5 years were reported from 1980 to 2001. The incidence rate remained fairly constant during 1980 to 1990 but decreased by 55% (95% confidence interval: 43%-65%) from 1990 to 2001. The reduction was most pronounced among children aged 3 to 5 months. The incidence of intussusception among Danish children declined significantly during the 1990s, particularly among infants 3 to 5 months of age.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                1886
                122234
                European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
                EuJMI
                Akadémiai Kiadó, co-published with Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V.
                2062-509X
                2062-8633
                1 September 2014
                : 4
                : 3
                : 174-176
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Pediatric Immunology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
                [ 2 ] Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
                [ 3 ] Department of Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                [ 4 ] Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ] +90 352 207 66 66/25300, +90 352 437 58 25, himmetakar@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                5
                10.1556/EUJMI-D-14-00019
                3405de37-1dc8-4753-87bf-9bd4628752dd
                History
                : 30 April 2014
                : 19 May 2014
                Categories
                Case Study

                Medicine,Immunology,Health & Social care,Microbiology & Virology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                invagination,X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

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