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      A review of the genus Pelodiaetus Jeannel ( Coleoptera , Carabidae , Anillini ) of New Zealand, with re-description of the genus, description of a new species, and notes on the evolutionary history

      research-article
      1 ,
      ZooKeys
      Pensoft Publishers
      Adephaga , biogeography, East Gondwana, identification key, new synonym, Pelodiaetus , syntopic co-occurrence

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          On the basis of new morphological data a re-description of the genus Pelodiaetus is provided, a new species of the genus P. nunni sp. nov. (Christchurch, Canterbury, South Island) is described, and P. lewisi Jeannel is proposed as a synonym of P. sulcatipennis Jeannel, syn. nov. A taxonomic key as well as distribution maps for species of Pelodiaetus are provided. Data on comparative morphology and biogeographical aspects of speciation in the genus Pelodiaetus and its morphological relatives from Australia and New Zealand are discussed.

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          Most cited references41

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          Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the triassic.

          Advances in sequence stratigraphy and the development of depositional models have helped explain the origin of genetically related sedimentary packages during sea level cycles. These concepts have provided the basis for the recognition of sea level events in subsurface data and in outcrops of marine sediments around the world. Knowledge of these events has led to a new generation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic global cycle charts that chronicle the history of sea level fluctuations during the past 250 million years in greater detail than was possible from seismic-stratigraphic data alone. An effort has been made to develop a realistic and accurate time scale and widely applicable chronostratigraphy and to integrate depositional sequences documented in public domain outcrop sections from various basins with this chronostratigraphic framework. A description of this approach and an account of the results, illustrated by sea level cycle charts of the Cenozoic, Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic intervals, are presented.
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            New Zealand's Geological Foundations

            N Mortimer (2004)
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              New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent.

              New Zealand has long been a conundrum to biogeographers, possessing as it does geophysical and biotic features characteristic of both an island and a continent. This schism is reflected in provocative debate among dispersalist, vicariance biogeographic and panbiogeographic schools. A strong history in biogeography has spawned many hypotheses, which have begun to be addressed by a flood of molecular analyses. The time is now ripe to synthesize these findings on a background of geological and ecological knowledge. It has become increasingly apparent that most of the biota of New Zealand has links with other southern lands (particularly Australia) that are much more recent than the breakup of Gondwana. A compilation of molecular phylogenetic analyses of ca 100 plant and animal groups reveals that only 10% of these are even plausibly of archaic origin dating to the vicariant splitting of Zealandia from Gondwana. Effects of lineage extinction and lack of good calibrations in many cases strongly suggest that the actual proportion is even lower, in keeping with extensive Oligocene inundation of Zealandia. A wide compilation of papers covering phylogeographic structuring of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species shows some patterns emerging. These include: east-west splits across the Southern Alps, east-west splits across North Island, north-south splits across South Island, star phylogenies of southern mountain isolates, spread from northern, central and southern areas of high endemism, and recent recolonization (postvolcanic and anthropogenic). Excepting the last of these, most of these patterns seem to date to late Pliocene, coinciding with the rapid uplift of the Southern Alps. The diversity of New Zealand geological processes (sinking, uplift, tilting, sea level change, erosion, volcanism, glaciation) has produced numerous patterns, making generalizations difficult. Many species maintain pre-Pleistocene lineages, with phylogeographic structuring more similar to the Mediterranean region than northern Europe. This structure reflects the fact that glaciation was far from ubiquitous, despite the topography. Intriguingly, then, origins of the flora and fauna are island-like, whereas phylogeographic structure often reflects continental geological processes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2019
                09 October 2019
                : 879
                : 33-56
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, c/o Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington United States of America
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Igor M. Sokolov ( igor.sokolov@ 123456usda.gov )

                Academic editor: B. Guéorguiev

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-9208
                Article
                PMC6795606 PMC6795606 6795606 37684
                10.3897/zookeys.879.37684
                6795606
                31636498
                48da9055-8be8-4996-8211-d5cbc14126cb

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

                History
                : 25 June 2019
                : 30 August 2019
                Categories
                Research Article
                Carabidae
                Identification Key
                Nomenclature
                Taxonomy
                Cenozoic
                New Zealand

                identification key,new synonym, Pelodiaetus ,syntopic co-occurrence,biogeography, Adephaga ,East Gondwana

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