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      The change in motivating factors influencing commencement, adherence and retention to a supervised resistance training programme in previously sedentary post-menopausal women: a prospective cohort study.

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          Abstract

          Understanding motivators for exercise participation in post-menopausal women may impact retention to exercise programmes and inform intervention trial designs. The purpose of this investigation was to assess self-reported motivational factors influencing adherence and retention to a 24-week progressive resistance training programme.

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          Most cited references32

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          Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults.

          Although exercise is an established component in the management of many chronic diseases associated with aging, activity levels tend to progressively decline with increasing age. Given the growing proportion of older adults, these suboptimal levels of physical activity represent an increasing public health problem. The predicators of adherence elucidated in younger adults are unreliable in elderly populations. Age-specific barriers and motivators unique to this cohort are relevant and must be acknowledged. The identification of reliable predictors of exercise adherence will allow healthcare providers to effectively intervene and change patterns of physical activity in sedentary elderly. In particular, because older patients respect their physician's advice and have regular contact with their family doctor, physicians can play a key and pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior among the older population.
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            Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years.

            Exenatide, an incretin mimetic for adjunctive treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduced hemoglobin A(1c) (A1C) and weight in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of > or = 3 years exenatide therapy on glycemic control, body weight, cardiometabolic markers, and safety. Patients from three placebo-controlled trials and their open-label extensions were enrolled into one open-ended, open-label clinical trial. Patients were randomized to twice daily (BID) placebo, 5 mug exenatide, or 10 mug exenatide for 30 weeks, followed by 5 mug exenatide BID for 4 weeks, then 10 mug exenatide BID for > or = 3 years of exenatide exposure. Patients continued metformin and/or sulfonylureas. 217 patients (64% male, age 58 +/- 10 years, weight 99 +/- 18 kg, BMI 34 +/- 5 kg/m(2), A1C 8.2 +/- 1.0% [mean +/- SD]) completed 3 years of exenatide exposure. Reductions in A1C from baseline to week 12 (-1.1 +/- 0.1% [mean +/- SEM]) were sustained to 3 years (-1.0 +/- 0.1%; p or = 3 years in T2DM patients resulted in sustained improvements in glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and hepatic biomarkers, coupled with progressive weight reduction.
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              Cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prediabetic individuals. Does the clock for coronary heart disease start ticking before the onset of clinical diabetes?

              Although type II diabetes is associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications, duration of diabetes and severity of glycemia are strongly associated only with the former. Since prediabetic individuals are hyperinsulinemia, and since hyperinsulinemia may be a cardiovascular risk factor, we hypothesized that prediabetic individuals might have an atherogenic pattern of risk factors even before the onset of clinical diabetes, thereby explaining the relative lack of an association of macrovascular complications with either glycemic severity or disease duration. We documented the cardiovascular risk factor status of 614 initially nondiabetic Mexican Americans who later participated in an 8-year follow-up of the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Individuals who were nondiabetic at the time of baseline examination, but who subsequently developed type II diabetes (ie, confirmed prediabetic subjects, n = 43), had higher levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose and insulin, 2-hour glucose, body mass index, and blood pressure, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than subjects who remained nondiabetic (n = 571). Most of these differences persisted after adjustment for obesity and/or level of glycemia, but were abolished after adjustment for fasting insulin concentration. When subjects with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline (n = 106) were eliminated, the more atherogenic pattern of cardiovascular risk factors was still evident (and statistically significant) among initially normoglycemic prediabetic subjects. These results indicate that prediabetic subjects have an atherogenic pattern of risk factors (possibly caused by obesity, hyperglycemia, and especially hyperinsulinemia), which may be present for many years and may contribute to the risk of macrovascular disease as much as the duration of clinical diabetes itself.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMC Public Health
                BMC public health
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                1471-2458
                1471-2458
                Mar 12 2015
                : 15
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, African Street, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa. j.viljoen@ru.ac.za.
                [2 ] Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, African Street, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa. c.christie@ru.ac.za.
                Article
                10.1186/s12889-015-1543-6
                10.1186/s12889-015-1543-6
                4362642
                25884764
                fafa23d5-7325-4ca2-a3a8-97cc1837cabf
                History

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