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      Association of Optimism With Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          This meta-analysis assesses whether individuals with a mindset of optimism have a lower risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

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          Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

          Michael F Scheier, Charles S. Carver, Michael W. Bridges (1994)
          Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
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            The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice: the emerging field of behavioral cardiology.

            Alan Rozanski, James Blumenthal, Karina Davidson … (2005)
            Observational studies indicate that psychologic factors strongly influence the course of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this review, we examine new epidemiologic evidence for the association between psychosocial risk factors and CAD, identify pathologic mechanisms that may be responsible for this association, and describe a paradigm for studying positive psychologic factors that may act as a buffer. Because psychosocial risk factors are highly prevalent and are associated with unhealthy lifestyles, we describe the potential role of cardiologists in managing such factors. Management approaches include routinely screening for psychosocial risk factors, referring patients with severe psychologic distress to behavioral specialists, and directly treating patients with milder forms of psychologic distress with brief targeted interventions. A number of behavioral interventions have been evaluated for their ability to reduce adverse cardiac events among patients presenting with psychosocial risk factors. Although the efficacy of stand-alone psychosocial interventions remains unclear, both exercise and multifactorial cardiac rehabilitation with psychosocial interventions have demonstrated a reduction in cardiac events. Furthermore, recent data suggest that psychopharmacologic interventions may also be effective. Despite these promising findings, clinical practice guidelines for managing psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice are lacking. Thus, we review new approaches to improve the delivery of behavioral services and patient adherence to behavioral recommendations. These efforts are part of an emerging field of behavioral cardiology, which is based on the understanding that psychosocial and behavioral risk factors for CAD are not only highly interrelated, but also require a sophisticated health care delivery system to optimize their effectiveness.
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              Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health.

              Michael Scheier, Charles S. Carver (1987)
              This article explores the implications that dispositional optimism holds for physical well-being. Research is reviewed that links optimism to a number of different positive health-relevant outcomes, ranging from the development of physical symptoms to recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery. Additional findings are described which suggest that these beneficial effects are partly due to differences between optimists and pessimists in the strategies that they use to cope with stress. A number of other potential mediators are also discussed, including some that are physiologic in nature. The article closes with a discussion of the relationships between our own theoretical account of the effects of optimism and several other conceptual approaches.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: JAMA Network Open
                Abbreviated Title: JAMA Netw Open
                Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
                ISSN (Electronic): 2574-3805
                Publication date Created: September 04 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): September 27 2019
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 9
                Page: e1912200
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St. Luke’s Hospital, New York, New York
                [2 ]Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, New York
                [3 ]Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
                [4 ]Department of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
                [5 ]Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
                [6 ]Department of Cardiology, Crystal Run Healthcare, West Nyack, New York
                Article
                DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12200
                SO-VID: 48f92741-7bf5-4809-9663-f570a87a9634
                Copyright © © 2019
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