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Abstract
Background
Group therapy and education and support sessions are used within health care across
a range of disciplines such as chronic disease self-management and psychotherapy interventions.
However, there are barriers that constrain group attendance, such as mobility, time,
and distance. Using videoconferencing may overcome known barriers and improve the
accessibility of group-based interventions.
Objective
The aim of this study was to review the literature to determine the feasibility, acceptability,
effectiveness, and implementation of health professional–led group videoconferencing
to provide education or social support or both, into the home setting.
Methods
Electronic databases were searched using predefined search terms for primary interventions
for patient education and/or social support. The quality of studies was assessed using
the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We developed an analysis framework using hierarchical
terms feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and implementation, which were informed
by subheadings.
Results
Of the 1634 records identified, 17 were included in this review. Home-based groups
by videoconferencing are feasible even for those with limited digital literacy. Overall
acceptability was high with access from the home highly valued and little concern
of privacy issues. Some participants reported preferring face-to-face groups. Good
information technology (IT) support and training is required for facilitators and
participants. Communication can be adapted for the Web environment and would be enhanced
by clear communication strategies and protocols. A range of improved outcomes were
reported but because of the heterogeneity of studies, comparison of these across studies
was not possible. There was a trend for improvement in mental health outcomes. Benefits
highlighted in the qualitative data included engaging with others with similar problems;
improved accessibility to groups; and development of health knowledge, insights, and
skills. Videoconference groups were able to replicate group processes such as bonding
and cohesiveness. Similar outcomes were reported for those comparing face-to-face
groups and videoconference groups.
Conclusions
Groups delivered by videoconference are feasible and potentially can improve the accessibility
of group interventions. This may be particularly useful for those who live in rural
areas, have limited mobility, are socially isolated, or fear meeting new people. Outcomes
are similar to in-person groups, but future research on facilitation process in videoconferencing-mediated
groups and large-scale studies are required to develop the evidence base.