Actividad física deportiva en una muestra representativa de la población de la Región de Murcia

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Abstract

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de realización de actividad física (AF) deportiva intensa en la Región de Murcia según sexo y edad y analizar su asociación con los principales determinantes demográficos, socioeconómicos, así como con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Método: Encuesta sobre una muestra representativa de la población de 18 a 65 años de la Región de Murcia mediante un muestreo aleatorio polietápico con definición de cuotas muestrales. El número de personas entrevistadas fue de 3.091. Se recogió, a través de un cuestionario validado, la frecuencia y duración de realización de AF intensa deportiva durante las 2 semanas previas a la realización de la encuesta. Además, se obtuvo información sobre variables socioeconómicas, hábito tabáquico, presión arterial, peso, talla y una analítica de sangre para determinar los lípidos plasmáticos. La AF intensa o vigorosa (≥ 6 equivalentes a la tasa metabólica basal) se midió en kcal/día y se redujo a h/sem, considerando 3 categorías diferentes: ninguna AF, menos de 2 h/sem, e igual o más de 2 h/sem. Resultados: Globalmente, el 17,8% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 16,6-19,0) de la población adulta de la Región de Murcia realiza AF intensa ≥ 2 h/sem. Por sexos las cifras varían siendo el doble en varones (23,1%; IC del 95%, 21,0-25,2) que en las mujeres (12,5%; IC del 95%, 10,9-14,1). En el análisis mediante regresión logística la mayor frecuencia de realización de AF deportiva intensa se asoció con la edad, el nivel de estudios y la situación de empleo. En los varones, además, con la ocupación y la residencia en áreas urbanas. Conclusiones: En el período de estudio, una de cada 5 personas adultas en la Región de Murcia realizó AF deportiva intensa con una frecuencia y duración compatible con la prevención de episodios isquémicos coronarios.

Translated abstract

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of intense physical activity according to age and sex in the region of Murcia, Spain, and to analyze its association with major demographic and socioeconomic determinants and other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Survey of a representative sample of the population aged between 18 and 65 years from Murcia was performed using multistage random sampling with definition of the sample quotas. A total of 3091 individuals were surveyed. The frequency and duration of intense physical sports activity during the two weeks prior to the survey was obtained using a validated questionnaire. Information was also collected on socioeconomic variables, smoking, blood pressure, weight and height and a blood test was performed to determine plasma lipids. Intense or vigorous physical activity (≥ 6 Metabolic Equivalents [MET]) was measured in kcal/day and reduced to hours/week to give three categories: no vigorous physical activity, less than 2 hours/week, and 2 hours/week or more. Results: Overall, 17.8% (95% CI: 16.6-19.0) of the adult population of the region of Murcia performed intense physical activity for ≥ 2 hours/week. The figures were twice as high in men (23.1%; 95% CI: 21.0-25.2) than in women (12.5%; 95% CI: 10.9-14.1). In the logistic regression analysis, a higher frequency of intense physical activity was associated with age, level of education and employment situation. In men it was also associated with occupation and residence in urban areas. Conclusions: During the study period, one in five adults in the region of Murcia took intense physical sports activity with a frequency and duration that were compatible with the prevention of episodes of coronary ischemia.

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A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among US male physicians.

Meir J. Stampfer, Charles Hennekens, J Manson … (1992)

To examine prospectively the association between regular exercise and the subsequent development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Prospective cohort study including 5 years of follow-up. 21,271 US male physicians participating in the Physicians' Health Study, aged 40 to 84 years and free of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Morbidity follow-up was 99.7% complete. Incidence of NIDDM. At baseline, information was obtained about frequency of vigorous exercise and other risk indicators. During 105,141 person-years of follow-up, 285 new cases of NIDDM were reported. The age-adjusted incidence of NIDDM ranged from 369 cases per 100,000 person-years in men who engaged in vigorous exercise less than once weekly to 214 cases per 100,000 person-years in those exercising at least five times per week (P, trend, less than .001). Men who exercised at least once per week had an age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of NIDDM of 0.64 (95% Cl, 0.51 to 0.82; P = .0003) compared with those who exercised less frequently. The age-adjusted RR of NIDDM decreased with increasing frequency of exercise: 0.77 for once weekly, 0.62 for two to four times per week, and 0.58 for five or more times per week (P, trend, .0002). A significant reduction in risk of NIDDM persisted after adjustment for both age and body-mass index: RR, 0.71 (95% Cl, 0.56 to 0.91; P = .006) for at least once per week compared with less than once weekly, and P, trend, .009, for increasing frequency of exercise. Further control for smoking, hypertension, and other coronary risk factors did not materially alter these associations. The inverse relation of exercise to risk of NIDDM was particularly pronounced among overweight men. Exercise appears to reduce the development of NIDDM even after adjusting for body-mass index. Increased physical activity may be a promising approach to the primary prevention of NIDDM.