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      Quantum impurities: from mobile Josephson junctions to depletons

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          Abstract

          We overview the main features of mobile impurities moving in one-dimensional superfluid backgrounds by modeling it as a mobile Josephson junction, which leads naturally to the periodic dispersion of the impurity. The dissipation processes, such as radiative friction and quantum viscosity, are shown to result from the interaction of the collective phase difference with the background phonons. We develop a more realistic depleton model of an impurity-hole bound state that provides a number of exact results interpolating between the semiclassical weakly-interacting picture and the strongly interacting Tonks-Girardeau regime. We also discuss the physics of a trapped impurity, relevant to current experiments with ultra cold atoms.

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          A trapped single ion inside a Bose-Einstein condensate

          Improved control of the motional and internal quantum states of ultracold neutral atoms and ions has opened intriguing possibilities for quantum simulation and quantum computation. Many-body effects have been explored with hundreds of thousands of quantum-degenerate neutral atoms and coherent light-matter interfaces have been built. Systems of single or a few trapped ions have been used to demonstrate universal quantum computing algorithms and to detect variations of fundamental constants in precision atomic clocks. Until now, atomic quantum gases and single trapped ions have been treated separately in experiments. Here we investigate whether they can be advantageously combined into one hybrid system, by exploring the immersion of a single trapped ion into a Bose-Einstein condensate of neutral atoms. We demonstrate independent control over the two components within the hybrid system, study the fundamental interaction processes and observe sympathetic cooling of the single ion by the condensate. Our experiment calls for further research into the possibility of using this technique for the continuous cooling of quantum computers. We also anticipate that it will lead to explorations of entanglement in hybrid quantum systems and to fundamental studies of the decoherence of a single, locally controlled impurity particle coupled to a quantum environment.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            2016-01-04
            Article
            10.1088/1367-2630/18/6/065002
            1601.00628
            767ff9b4-8156-462e-8203-e5545f834bd2

            http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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            Custom metadata
            NBI QDEV CMT 2016
            New J. Phys. 18 (2016) 065002
            34 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to the New Journal of Physics Focus Issue "Strongly Interacting Quantum Gases in One Dimension"
            cond-mat.quant-gas

            Quantum gases & Cold atoms
            Quantum gases & Cold atoms

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