Participação popular no controle da esquistossomose através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em Taquaraçu de Minas, (Minas Gerais, Brasil), entre 1985-1995: construção de um modelo alternativo

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Abstract

Foi avaliado o programa de controle da esquistossomose realizado em Taquaraçu de Minas, MG, entre 1985 e 1995. A medida de controle adotada foi a participação popular nas ações de controle: tratamento seletivo, saneamento e educação popular. A equipe de saúde local foi capacitada para gerenciar o programa, conforme proposta do SUS. O fornecimento de água potável foi oferecido a 97% das residências no núcleo do Município. Em 1995, foi realizada análise para identificação dos fatores de risco responsáveis pela manutenção da transmissão da esquistossomose. A prevalência da infecção entre 1985-1995 apresentou-se sete vezes menor, passando de 30,9% para 4,3%, respectivamente. A intensidade de infecção também sofreu significativa redução, passando de 91,2 ± 6,1 para 30,7 ± 2,5 (p = 0,00) no mesmo período. A municipalização desse programa de controle da esquistossomose através do SUS, usando-se um tratamento seletivo, fornecimento de água potável intradomiciliar com participação popular nas medidas de controle, seguido de atendimento da demanda espontânea, apresentou resultados duradouros, apontando a possibilidade de uso deste modelo para outras áreas endêmicas com características semelhantes.

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A municipal level approach to the management of schistosomiasis control in Peri-Peri, MG, Brazil

Pedro Coura-Filho, Roberto Sena Rocha, Maria Lima e Costa … (1992)

A schistosomiasis control program was implemented between 1974/87 in Peri-Peri,. MG (622 inhabitants). Molluscicide (niclosamide) was applied at three monthly intervals in water sources with Biomphalaria glabrata, and individuals eliminating Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the feces were treated annually with oxamniquine. From 1974 to 1983 the control measures were undertaken by staff of the "René Rachou" Research Center FIOCRUZ (CPqRR), and from 1984 to 1987 these measures were included in the Capim Branco basic health network activities. During both periods, the prevalence, incidence, intensity of infection and hepatosplenic form as well as the number of infected snails decreased significantly. The prevalence decreased from 43.5 to 4.4%, the incidence from 19.0 to 2.9%, the overall intensity of S. mansoni from 281 to 87 and of the hepatosplenic form from 5.9 to 0.0%. The results obtained suggest that the municipal management of control measures was as effective as the vertical program conducted by CPqRR staff.

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Determination and control of schistosomiasis

Frederico Barbosa (1995)

The subject of this conference reflects the scientific community's interest in seeking to understand the complex causal web whose various social, economic, and biological components interact in the production and reproduction of schistosomiasis and its control in relation to community participation. From the onset, the author stresses the impossibility of dealing separately with community participation, as if social components were just one more "weapon" in the arsenal for schistosomiasis control. This study begins with a brief historical review of the 71 years of control activities with this endemic disease, stressing the enormous efforts and huge expenditures in this field vis-à-vis the limited results, despite the extraordinary technological development of specific, classical control inputs such as new treatment drugs and molluscicides. The article then discusses the various strategies used in control programs, emphasizing ideological consistencies and contradictions. Interactions at the macro and micro levels are discussed, as are the determinants and risk factors involved in producing the disease's endemicity. Unequal occupation of space leaves the segregated portion of the population exposed to extremely favorable conditions for transmission of the disease. This raises the issue of how to control an endemic disease which is so closely linked to the way of life imposed on the population. The study challenges the classical control model and suggests an alternative model now undergoing medium-term investigation in the States of Espirito Santo, and Pernambuco, Brazil. The author concludes that we do not need new strategies, but a new control model, contrary to the prevailing classical model in both concept and practice. From the conceptual point of view, the new model mentioned above is different from others in that schistosomiasis control is seen from a social perspective stressing the population's accumulated knowledge in addition to the building of shared knowledge. The model's praxis has the following characteristics: (1) it is integrated with and financed by research agencies and health services; (2) it operates at the local health services level; (3) use of molluscicides has been eliminated; (4) emphasis is given to individual medical treatment and improvement of sanitary conditions.

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Control of schistosomiasis in Brazil: perspectives and proposals

José Coura (1995)

Attempts to control schistosomiasis have hitherto involved the use of one or more of the following methods, either in isolation or in combination: (1) control of the intermediate host using molluscicides or biological methods; (2) basic sanitation and clean water supply; (3) health education; (4) individual or mass treatment; (5) protection of individuals in such a way as to prevent cercariae from penetrating the skin; (6) vaccine-based strategies against schistosomiasis. None of these methods is capable, on its own, of bringing about effective control of schistosomiasis, except in populations of a very limited size or under very special conditions. Molluscicides, besides expensive and toxic, have only a temporary effect. As for biological control, there is no effective method yet. Basic sanitation and clean water supply combined with health education potentially constitute the most effective approach, but only in the mid-to-long term. Mass treatment reduces morbidity, but does not control transmission. Protection of individuals has proved to be impracticable on a large scale. Vaccine-based strategies against schistosomiasis are still in the experimental stage. Experiments carried out in Brazil in the last 20 years have shown that mass treatment with single doses of oxamniquine or praziquantel can rapidly reduce levels of Shistosoma mansoni infection and morbidity in endemic areas. They have also shown that subsequent transmission and reinfection frequently occur in defined foci or "clusters", due to human contact with water, and in inverse proportion to the number and frequency of treatments carried out. On the basis of these experiments, the author suggests a multidisciplinary strategy for schistosomiasis control.

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SciELO Brazil ID:: S0102-311X1998000600010

DOI:: 10.1590/S0102-311X1998000600010

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: Schistosomiasis,Consumer Participation,Community Participation,Communicable Disease Control,Esquistossomose,Participação Comunitária,Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Consumer Participation, Community Participation, Communicable Disease Control, Esquistossomose, Participação Comunitária, Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis

Participação popular no controle da esquistossomose através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em Taquaraçu de Minas, (Minas Gerais, Brasil), entre 1985-1995: construção de um modelo alternativo

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Most cited references 58

A municipal level approach to the management of schistosomiasis control in Peri-Peri, MG, Brazil

Determination and control of schistosomiasis

Control of schistosomiasis in Brazil: perspectives and proposals

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