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      Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet

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          Abstract

          The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries—climate change and biosphere integrity—have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Science
                Science
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                0036-8075
                1095-9203
                February 12 2015
                February 13 2015
                January 15 2015
                February 13 2015
                : 347
                : 6223
                : 1259855
                Article
                10.1126/science.1259855
                6b880b7e-86e1-4eca-a071-957228935330
                © 2015

                http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse

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