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      Suspected Gentamicin-Induced Retinal Vascular Occlusion after Vitrectomy

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          Abstract

          Retinal vascular occlusion after ocular surgery is a rare but serious complication. A history of cardiovascular diseases, retrobulbar anesthesia injection, high intraocular pressure during the perioperative period, and drug toxicity have been reported as possible causative factors. We report here two cases of multiple retinal vascular occlusions after the subconjunctival injection of gentamicin at the end of uncomplicated 25-gauge vitrectomy. Case 1 was a 61-year-old man who developed a macular hole in the right eye. Phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade was performed. On postoperative day (POD) 1, dot hemorrhage was observed on the temporal side of the optic disk. On POD10, macular whitening, retinal hemorrhage, and multiple occlusion of retinal arteries and veins were observed. Case 2 was a 51-year-old woman who was diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye and underwent phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade. On POD3, macular whitening with cotton wool spots and retinal hemorrhage were observed with macular ischemia owing to occlusion of retinal arteries and veins. In both cases, subconjunctival injection of gentamicin given at the end of surgery was the most suspected cause of retinal vascular occlusion.

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          Most cited references10

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          Is Open Access

          Central retinal artery occlusion

          The pathogeneses, clinical features, and management of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are discussed. CRAO consists of the following four distinct clinical entities: non-arteritic CRAO (NA-CRAO), transient NA-CRAO, NA-CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing, and arteritic CRAO. Clinical characteristics, visual outcome, and management very much depend upon the type of CRAO. Contrary to the prevalent belief, spontaneous improvement in both visual acuity and visual fields does occur, mainly during the first 7 days. The incidence of spontaneous visual acuity improvement during the first 7 days differs significantly (P < 0.001) among the four types of CRAO; among them, in eyes with initial visual acuity of counting finger or worse, visual acuity improved, remained stable, or deteriorated in NA-CRAO in 22%, 66%, and 12%, respectively; in NA-CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing in 67%, 33%, and none, respectively; and in transient NA-CRAO in 82%, 18%, and none, respectively. Arteritic CRAO shows no change. Recent studies have shown that administration of local intra-arterial thrombolytic agent not only has no beneficial effect but also can be harmful. Investigations to find the cause and to prevent or reduce the risk of any further visual problems are discussed. Prevalent multiple misconceptions on CRAO are discussed.
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            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Retinal vascular occlusion after vitrectomy with retrobulbar anesthesia-observational case series and survey of literature.

            Severe postoperative loss of vision has been occasionally reported as a rare complication of retrobulbar anesthesia, and several possible causes have been proposed in the literature. In this work, our own and other investigators' experiences with these complications are surveyed with a view to identifying its pathophysiology.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Aminoglycoside toxicity in the treatment of endophthalmitis. The Aminoglycoside Toxicity Study Group.

              Intravitreous aminoglycosides are widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of endophthalmitis. Because the toxicity of 0.4 mg of gentamicin sulfate is well documented, many surgeons now use amikacin sulfate or low-dose gentamicin to reduce the risk of macular infarction. A survey of retinal specialists has suggested that amikacin or low-dose gentamicin can also cause macular toxic side effects. To further investigate this issue, the critical details of the case histories, findings, and course of 13 patients who received intravitreous injections of 0.2 to 0.4 mg of amikacin sulfate or 0.1 to 0.2 mg of gentamicin sulfate for prophylaxis or treatment of endophthalmitis are summarized. For several patients, complete case histories and a fluorescein angiogram are provided.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Case Rep Ophthalmol
                Case Rep Ophthalmol
                COP
                Case Reports in Ophthalmology
                S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.com )
                1663-2699
                May-Aug 2020
                11 August 2020
                11 August 2020
                : 11
                : 2
                : 473-480
                Affiliations
                [1] aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
                [2] bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
                Author notes
                *Fumiko Murao, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503 (Japan), murafumitomi@ 123456yahoo.co.jp
                Article
                cop-0011-0473
                10.1159/000509337
                7506252
                21d2e735-b728-4115-bb1a-841622d697b4
                Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                : 28 November 2019
                : 9 June 2020
                : 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, References: 10, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Case Report

                gentamicin,macular ischemia,retinal vascular occlusion,vitrectomy

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