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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
and responsible for approximately half of all CKD-related deaths. Unfortunately, the
presence of CKD can lead to a challenging interpretation of cardiac biomarkers essential
in accurate diagnosis and prompt management of heart failure and acute coronary syndrome.
There is growing interest in novel cardiac biomarkers that may improve diagnostic
accuracy reflecting myocardial injury, inflammation, and remodeling. Interpretation
of these biomarkers in CKD can be complicated, since elevated levels may not reflect
myocardial injury or wall tension but rather decreased urinary clearance with retention
of solutes and/or overall CKD-associated chronic inflammation. In this review, we
discuss the latest data on major and emerging cardiac biomarkers including B-type
natriuretic peptide, troponin, suppression of tumorigenicity 2, growth and differentiation
factor-15, galectin-3, and matrix gla protein, and their diagnostic and prognostic
utility in the CKD population.