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      Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Social determinants are closely related to addiction, both as a cause and a consequence of substance use and other addictive behaviors. The present paper examines prosocialness (i.e. the tendency to help, empathize, and care for others) among a population of young males. We compared prosocialness across different types of addiction and examined whether prosocialness varied according to the presence of multiple addictions.

          Methods

          A sample of 5,675 young males, aged 19–29 years old (Mean = 21.4; Median = 21), completed a questionnaire that included screening tools to identify addictive behaviors with regards to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, gambling, and gaming. The questionnaire also included a scale to measure prosocialness.

          Results

          Compared to a no-addiction control group, the subgroups of young men suffering from behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling and gaming) reported the lowest levels of prosocialness. Respondents with an alcohol addiction also showed lower prosocialness compared to no-addiction controls. By contrast, no significant differences in prosocialness were found between respondents with nicotine disorder or cannabis disorder and the no-addiction controls. Furthermore, the number of addictions had no clear, observable effects on prosocialness. Significant differences were found between the no-addiction control group and the groups reporting one or more addictions, but not between the separate groups reporting one, two, and three or more addictions.

          Discussion and conclusions

          A better understanding of the social dimension affecting young males with addiction, particularly gambling and gaming addictions, may be useful for their prevention and treatment.

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          Most cited references88

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          The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement

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            Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.

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              The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire.

              We examine and refine the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ: Fagerström, 1978). The relation between each FTQ item and biochemical measures of heaviness of smoking was examined in 254 smokers. We found that the nicotine rating item and the inhalation item were unrelated to any of our biochemical measures and these two items were primary contributors to psychometric deficiencies in the FTQ. We also found that a revised scoring of time to the first cigarette of the day (TTF) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) improved the scale. We present a revision of the FTQ: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                JBA
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                19 July 2021
                30 June 2021
                : 10
                : 2
                : 327-337
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne , Rue du Bugnon 23, CH – 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
                [2 ] Research Department, Addiction Switzerland , Lausanne, Switzerland
                [3 ] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research , Toronto, ON, Canada
                [4 ] Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England , Bristol, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. E-mail: alexander.tomei@ 123456chuv.ch
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-3498
                Article
                10.1556/2006.2021.00035
                d8212227-16e7-4414-a950-7ce55d1b1352
                © 2021 The Author(s)

                Open Access. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 29 September 2020
                : 23 February 2021
                : 15 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 88, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funded by: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
                Award ID: FN 33CSC0-122679
                Award ID: FN 33CS30_139467

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                prosocial behaviors,substance addictions,emerging adulthood,males,behavioral addictions

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