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      The economic burden of dementia in China, 1990-2030: implications for health policy.

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          Abstract

          To quantify and predict the economic burden of dementia in China for the periods 1990-2010 and 2020-2030, respectively, and discuss the potential implications for national public health policy.

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          Most cited references26

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          Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy:

          B.W Ang (2004)
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            The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China.

            The Chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) among elderly Chinese individuals and to analyze differences between urban and rural areas. For the years 2008 to 2009, we performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban (n = 6096) and 45 rural (n = 4180) communities across China. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. Dementia, AD, and VaD were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures. The prevalence of dementia, AD, and VaD among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14% (95% CI, 4.71-5.57), 3.21% (95% CI, 2.87-3.55), and 1.50% (95% CI, 1.26-1.74), respectively. The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones (6.05% vs. 4.40%, P < .001). The same regional difference was also seen for AD (4.25% vs. 2.44%, P < .001) but not for VaD (1.28% vs. 1.61%, P = .166). The difference in AD was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level. Moreover, the risk factors for AD and VaD differed for urban and rural populations. A notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban-rural differences. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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              A major role for cardiovascular burden in age-related cognitive decline.

              The incidence of dementia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases with age. Current evidence supports the role for both atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis as a common pathophysiological ground for the heart-brain connection in ageing. Cognitive decline and CVDs share many vascular risk factors (VRFs) such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus; furthermore, CVDs can contribute to cognitive decline by causing cerebral hypoperfusion, hypoxia, emboli, or infarcts. Mixed dementia, resulting from both cerebrovascular lesions and neurodegeneration, accounts for the majority of dementia cases among very old individuals (≥75 years). An accumulation of multiple VRFs, especially in middle age (40-59 years of age), can substantially increase dementia risk. The suggested declining trend in dementia risk, occurring in parallel with the decreasing incidence of cardiovascular events in high-income countries, supports the role of cardiovascular burden in dementia. Accordingly, strategies to promote cardiovascular health, especially if implemented from early life, might help to delay the onset of dementia. In this Review, we discuss the literature investigating the association of cardiovascular burden with cognitive decline and dementia over the life-course.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Bull. World Health Organ.
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                WHO Press
                1564-0604
                0042-9686
                Jan 01 2017
                : 95
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Research Centre for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China .
                [2 ] Centre for Health Economic Experiments and Public Policy, Shandong University, Jinan, China .
                [3 ] Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .
                [4 ] Ageing Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden .
                Article
                BLT.15.167726
                10.2471/BLT.15.167726
                5180346
                28053361
                8a8055d8-85c2-4c1c-b724-ee7df17af4cf
                History

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