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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Rationale of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in kidney injury.

      Author(s): 1 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Nephron. Clinical practice

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          Abstract

          Hundreds of clinical trials are currently investigating the potential for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to treat human disease, including kidney disease. There is tremendous excitement over the therapeutic potential of this form of stem cell therapy and an improving understanding of how MSC act. This review will summarize our current knowledge concerning the mechanisms by which MSC accelerate kidney repair after acute injury. It will also survey the current MSC clinical trial landscape in nephrology. Finally, future challenges to a widespread application of MSC therapies for patients with kidney injury will be outlined.

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          Microvesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Survival in a Lethal Model of Acute Kidney Injury

          Stefania Bruno, Cristina Grange, Federica Collino … (2012)
          Several studies demonstrated that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduces cisplatin mortality in mice. Microvesicles (MVs) released from MSCs were previously shown to favor renal repair in non lethal toxic and ischemic acute renal injury (AKI). In the present study we investigated the effects of MSC-derived MVs in SCID mice survival in lethal cisplatin-induced AKI. Moreover, we evaluated in vitro the effect of MVs on cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. Two different regimens of MV injection were used. The single administration of MVs ameliorated renal function and morphology, and improved survival but did not prevent chronic tubular injury and persistent increase in BUN and creatinine. Multiple injections of MVs further decreased mortality and at day 21 surviving mice showed normal histology and renal function. The mechanism of protection was mainly ascribed to an anti-apoptotic effect of MVs. In vitro studies demonstrated that MVs up-regulated in cisplatin-treated human tubular epithelial cells anti-apoptotic genes, such as Bcl-xL, Bcl2 and BIRC8 and down-regulated genes that have a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis such as Casp1, Casp8 and LTA. In conclusion, MVs released from MSCs were found to exert a pro-survival effect on renal cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that MVs may contribute to renal protection conferred by MSCs.
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            Stromal cells protect against acute tubular injury via an endocrine effect.

            Baoyuan Bi, Roland Schmitt, Malika Israilova … (2007)
            Emerging evidence suggests that the intravenous injection of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) improves renal function after acute tubular injury, but the mechanism of this effect is controversial. In this article, we confirm that intravenous infusion of male BMSC reduced the severity of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in adult female mice. This effect was also seen when BMSC (or adipocyte-derived stromal cells (AdSC)), were given by intraperitoneal injection. Infusion of BMSC enhanced tubular cell proliferation after injury and decreased tubular cell apoptosis. Using the Y chromosome as a marker of donor stromal cells, examination of multiple kidney sections at one or four days after cell infusion failed to reveal any examples of stromal cells within the tubules, and only rare examples of stromal cells within the renal interstitium. Furthermore, conditioned media from cultured stromal cells induced migration and proliferation of kidney-derived epithelial cells and significantly diminished cisplatin-induced proximal tubule cell death in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of this conditioned medium to mice injected with cisplatin diminished tubular cell apoptosis, increased survival, and limited renal injury. Thus, marrow stromal cells protect the kidney from toxic injury by secreting factors that limit apoptosis and enhance proliferation of the endogenous tubular cells, suggesting that transplantation of the cells themselves is not necessary. Identification of the stromal cell-derived protective factors may provide new therapeutic options to explore in humans with acute kidney injury.
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              Transfer of growth factor receptor mRNA via exosomes unravels the regenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells.

              Susanna Tomasoni, Lorena Longaretti, Cinzia Rota … (2013)
              Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) ameliorate renal dysfunction and repair tubular damage of acute kidney injury by locally releasing growth factors, including the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The restricted homing of BM-MSC at the site of injury led us to investigate a possible gene-based communication mechanism between BM-MSC and tubular cells. Human BM-MSC (hBM-MSC) released microparticles and exosomes (Exo) enriched in mRNAs. A selected pattern of transcripts was detected in Exo versus parental cells. Exo expressed the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), but not IGF-1 mRNA, while hBM-MSC contained both mRNAs. R- cells lacking IGF-1R exposed to hBM-MSC-derived Exo acquired the human IGF-1R transcript that was translated in the corresponding protein. Transfer of IGF-1R mRNA from Exo to cisplatin-damaged proximal tubular cells (proximal tubular epithelial cell [PTEC]) increased PTEC proliferation. Coincubation of damaged PTEC with Exo and soluble IGF-1 further enhanced cell proliferation. These findings suggest that horizontal transfer of the mRNA for IGF-1R to tubular cells through Exo potentiates tubular cell sensitivity to locally produced IGF-1 providing a new mechanism underlying the powerful renoprotection of few BM-MSC observed in vivo.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nephron Clin Pract
                Title: Nephron. Clinical practice
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-2110
                ISSN (Print): 1660-2110
                Publication date (Electronic): 2014
                Volume: 127
                Issue: 1-4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 000363680
                DOI: 10.1159/000363680
                PubMed ID: 25343826
                SO-VID: 8026b985-167f-45d4-93c1-d9c3fe133a7e
                Copyright © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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