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Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a growing public health problem. Diabetic kidney disease
(DKD) is the most prevalent chronic renal disease and the major cause of end-stage
renal failure worldwide, predominantly due to the increase of Type 2 diabetes associated
with obesity. The intimate mechanisms leading to the development and progression of
renal injury in DKD are not well understood, but current knowledge indicates that
its pathogenesis is multifactorial, where the immune response and inflammation appear
to be relevant factors. Summary: This review summarizes the role of relevant inflammatory
molecules and pathways that participate in the development of DKD. Likewise, we focused
on the new therapeutic approaches based on anti-inflammatory effects of different
drugs. Key Messages: This new pathogenic perspective of DKD as an inflammatory condition
leads to novel horizons, such as the potential role of inflammatory signaling pathways
and their downstream products as emerging biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets.