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      Two new species of Fargesia (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) from southwestern China

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          Abstract

          Two new species of Fargesia , one from Xizang (Tibet) and one from Yunnan, China, are described and illustrated. Fargesia viridis D.Z. Li & X.Y. Ye is characterized by its densely white powder, nearly solid internodes, yellow setose sheath scar and culm sheaths, and 4–6 leaves of large size. Fargesia purpurea D.Z. Li & X.Y. Ye has thinner culms (0.5–1.4 cm in diameter), a ring of 4–5 mm tall brown setae below nodes, fewer branches, glabrous sheath scar and culm sheaths, differentiated from the related species.

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          Why Bamboos Wait So Long to Flower

          D. Janzen (1976)
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            Uplift-driven diversification in the Hengduan Mountains, a temperate biodiversity hotspot.

            Yaowu Xing, Richard Ree (2017)
            A common hypothesis for the rich biodiversity found in mountains is uplift-driven diversification-that orogeny creates conditions favoring rapid in situ speciation of resident lineages. We tested this hypothesis in the context of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjoining mountain ranges, using the phylogenetic and geographic histories of multiple groups of plants to infer the tempo (rate) and mode (colonization versus in situ diversification) of biotic assembly through time and across regions. We focused on the Hengduan Mountains region, which in comparison with the QTP and Himalayas was uplifted more recently (since the late Miocene) and is smaller in area and richer in species. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses show that about 8 million y ago the rate of in situ diversification increased in the Hengduan Mountains, significantly exceeding that in the geologically older QTP and Himalayas. By contrast, in the QTP and Himalayas during the same period the rate of in situ diversification remained relatively flat, with colonization dominating lineage accumulation. The Hengduan Mountains flora was thus assembled disproportionately by recent in situ diversification, temporally congruent with independent estimates of orogeny. This study shows quantitative evidence for uplift-driven diversification in this region, and more generally, tests the hypothesis by comparing the rate and mode of biotic assembly jointly across time and space. It thus complements the more prevalent method of examining endemic radiations individually and could be used as a template to augment such studies in other biodiversity hotspots.
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              Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora

              Wen-Na Ding, Richard Ree, Robert Spicer … (2020)
              Understanding how alpine biotas formed in response to historical environmental change may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to alpine species posed by global warming. In the world’s richest temperate alpine flora, that of the Tibet-Himalaya-Hengduan region, phylogenetic reconstructions of biome and geographic range evolution show that extant lineages emerged by the early Oligocene and diversified first in the Hengduan Mountains. By the early to middle Miocene, accelerated diversification and colonization of adjacent regions were likely driven jointly by mountain building and intensification of the Asian monsoon. The alpine flora of the Hengduan Mountains has continuously existed far longer than any other alpine flora on Earth and illustrates how modern biotas have been shaped by past geological and climatic events.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                De-Zhu Li:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-724X
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PhytoKeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PhytoKeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 3
                Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F7FCE910-8E78-573F-9C77-7788555F8AAD
                Title: PhytoKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1314-2011
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2003
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 December 2020
                Volume: 170
                Pages: 25-37
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Agronomy and Life Science Department, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000, China Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
                [2 ] Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China Zhaotong University Zhaotong China
                [3 ] Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China Southwest Forestry University Kunming China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: De-Zhu Li ( dzl@ 123456mail.kib.ac.cn )

                Academic editor: E. Ruiz-Sanchez

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-945X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-3118
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-724X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 58780
                DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.170.58780
                PMC ID: 7746660
                SO-VID: a6f9de42-3505-4440-aea4-73f2b199ad84
                Copyright © Xia-Ying Ye, Yu-Xiao Zhang, De-Zhu Li
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 18 September 2020
                Date accepted : 29 October 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 501100011190 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011190
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Bambusoideae
                Subject: Taxonomy
                Subject: Cenozoic
                Subject: Neogene
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: China
                Subject: Tibet

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: fargesia ,new species,southwestern china,taxonomy,temperate woody bamboos
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: fargesia , new species, southwestern china, taxonomy, temperate woody bamboos

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