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      Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.

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          Abstract

          Although much biological research depends upon species diagnoses, taxonomic expertise is collapsing. We are convinced that the sole prospect for a sustainable identification capability lies in the construction of systems that employ DNA sequences as taxon 'barcodes'. We establish that the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) can serve as the core of a global bioidentification system for animals. First, we demonstrate that COI profiles, derived from the low-density sampling of higher taxonomic categories, ordinarily assign newly analysed taxa to the appropriate phylum or order. Second, we demonstrate that species-level assignments can be obtained by creating comprehensive COI profiles. A model COI profile, based upon the analysis of a single individual from each of 200 closely allied species of lepidopterans, was 100% successful in correctly identifying subsequent specimens. When fully developed, a COI identification system will provide a reliable, cost-effective and accessible solution to the current problem of species identification. Its assembly will also generate important new insights into the diversification of life and the rules of molecular evolution.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Proc Biol Sci
          Proceedings. Biological sciences
          The Royal Society
          0962-8452
          0962-8452
          Feb 07 2003
          : 270
          : 1512
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. phebert@uoguelph.ca
          Article
          10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
          1691236
          12614582
          59554471-1793-4eee-a856-e1b224c5d1f2
          History

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