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      Infants with Atypical Presentations of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of the Pulmonary Veins Who Underwent Bilateral Lung Transplantation.

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          Abstract

          To describe disease course, histopathology, and outcomes for infants with atypical presentations of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) who underwent bilateral lung transplantation.

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          Most cited references27

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          Diffuse lung disease in young children: application of a novel classification scheme.

          Considerable confusion exists regarding nomenclature, classification, and management of pediatric diffuse lung diseases due to the relative rarity and differences in the spectrum of disease between adults and young children. A multidisciplinary working group was formed to: (1) apply consensus terminology and diagnostic criteria for disorders presenting with diffuse lung disease in infancy; and (2) describe the distribution of disease entities, clinical features, and outcome in young children who currently undergo lung biopsy in North America. Eleven centers provided pathologic material, clinical data, and imaging from all children less than 2 years of age who underwent lung biopsy for diffuse lung disease from 1999 to 2004. Multidisciplinary review categorized 88% of 187 cases. Disorders more prevalent in infancy, including primary developmental and lung growth abnormalities, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, and surfactant-dysfunction disorders, constituted the majority of cases (60%). Lung growth disorders were often unsuspected clinically and under-recognized histologically. Cases with known surfactant mutations had characteristic pathologic features. Age at biopsy and clinical presentation varied among categories. Pulmonary hypertension, presence of a primary developmental abnormality, or ABCA3 mutation was associated with high mortality, while no deaths occurred in cases of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, or neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. This retrospective cohort study identifies a diverse spectrum of lung disorders, largely unique to young children. Application of a classification scheme grouped clinically distinct patients with variable age of biopsy and mortality. Standardized terminology and classification will enhance accurate description and diagnosis of these disorders.
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            An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: classification, evaluation, and management of childhood interstitial lung disease in infancy.

            There is growing recognition and understanding of the entities that cause interstitial lung disease (ILD) in infants. These entities are distinct from those that cause ILD in older children and adults. A multidisciplinary panel was convened to develop evidence-based guidelines on the classification, diagnosis, and management of ILD in children, focusing on neonates and infants under 2 years of age. Recommendations were formulated using a systematic approach. Outcomes considered important included the accuracy of the diagnostic evaluation, complications of delayed or incorrect diagnosis, psychosocial complications affecting the patient's or family's quality of life, and death. No controlled clinical trials were identified. Therefore, observational evidence and clinical experience informed judgments. These guidelines: (1) describe the clinical characteristics of neonates and infants (<2 yr of age) with diffuse lung disease (DLD); (2) list the common causes of DLD that should be eliminated during the evaluation of neonates and infants with DLD; (3) recommend methods for further clinical investigation of the remaining infants, who are regarded as having "childhood ILD syndrome"; (4) describe a new pathologic classification scheme of DLD in infants; (5) outline supportive and continuing care; and (6) suggest areas for future research. After common causes of DLD are excluded, neonates and infants with childhood ILD syndrome should be evaluated by a knowledgeable subspecialist. The evaluation may include echocardiography, controlled ventilation high-resolution computed tomography, infant pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, genetic testing, and/or lung biopsy. Preventive care, family education, and support are essential.
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              Genotype-phenotype correlations for infants and children with ABCA3 deficiency.

              Recessive mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) cause lethal neonatal respiratory failure and childhood interstitial lung disease. Most ABCA3 mutations are private.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J. Pediatr.
                The Journal of pediatrics
                Elsevier BV
                1097-6833
                0022-3476
                Mar 2018
                : 194
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
                [2 ] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.
                [3 ] Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.
                [4 ] Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.
                [5 ] Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
                [6 ] Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL.
                [7 ] Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO. Electronic address: wambach_j@kids.wustl.edu.
                Article
                S0022-3476(17)31375-6 NIHMS913874
                10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.026
                5826830
                29198536
                a818ab17-33ea-4e34-90c0-f457ab516a91
                History

                diffuse developmental lung disorder
                diffuse developmental lung disorder

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