Breaking out of biogeographical modules: range expansion and taxon cycles in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole.

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Abstract

We sought to reconstruct the biogeographical structure and dynamics of a hyperdiverse ant genus, Pheidole, and to test several predictions of the taxon cycle hypothesis. Using large datasets on Pheidole geographical distributions and phylogeny, we (1) inferred patterns of biogeographical modularity (clusters of areas with similar faunal composition), (2) tested whether species in open habitats are more likely to be expanding their range beyond module boundaries, and (3) tested whether there is a bias of lineage flow from high- to low-diversity areas.

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Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks

, (2005)

High-throughput techniques are leading to an explosive growth in the size of biological databases and creating the opportunity to revolutionize our understanding of life and disease. Interpretation of these data remains, however, a major scientific challenge. Here, we propose a methodology that enables us to extract and display information contained in complex networks. Specifically, we demonstrate that one can (i) find functional modules in complex networks, and (ii) classify nodes into universal roles according to their pattern of intra- and inter-module connections. The method thus yields a ``cartographic representation'' of complex networks. Metabolic networks are among the most challenging biological networks and, arguably, the ones with more potential for immediate applicability. We use our method to analyze the metabolic networks of twelve organisms from three different super-kingdoms. We find that, typically, 80% of the nodes are only connected to other nodes within their respective modules, and that nodes with different roles are affected by different evolutionary constraints and pressures. Remarkably, we find that low-degree metabolites that connect different modules are more conserved than hubs whose links are mostly within a single module.

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Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in Island Clades.

Nicholas J. Matzke (2014)

Founder-event speciation, where a rare jump dispersal event founds a new genetically isolated lineage, has long been considered crucial by many historical biogeographers, but its importance is disputed within the vicariance school. Probabilistic modeling of geographic range evolution creates the potential to test different biogeographical models against data using standard statistical model choice procedures, as long as multiple models are available. I re-implement the Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) model of LAGRANGE in the R package BioGeoBEARS, and modify it to create a new model, DEC + J, which adds founder-event speciation, the importance of which is governed by a new free parameter, [Formula: see text]. The identifiability of DEC and DEC + J is tested on data sets simulated under a wide range of macroevolutionary models where geography evolves jointly with lineage birth/death events. The results confirm that DEC and DEC + J are identifiable even though these models ignore the fact that molecular phylogenies are missing many cladogenesis and extinction events. The simulations also indicate that DEC will have substantially increased errors in ancestral range estimation and parameter inference when the true model includes + J. DEC and DEC + J are compared on 13 empirical data sets drawn from studies of island clades. Likelihood-ratio tests indicate that all clades reject DEC, and AICc model weights show large to overwhelming support for DEC + J, for the first time verifying the importance of founder-event speciation in island clades via statistical model choice. Under DEC + J, ancestral nodes are usually estimated to have ranges occupying only one island, rather than the widespread ancestors often favored by DEC. These results indicate that the assumptions of historical biogeography models can have large impacts on inference and require testing and comparison with statistical methods. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Gradual adaptation toward a range-expansion phenotype initiated the global radiation of toads.

S. D. Biju, Michele Menegon, Simon P. Loader … (2010)

Recent studies have identified range expansion as a potential driver of speciation. Yet it remains poorly understood how, under identical extrinsic settings, differential tendencies for geographic movement of taxa originate and subsequently affect diversification. We identified multiple traits that predict large distributional ranges in extant species of toads (Bufonidae) and used statistical methods to define and phylogenetically reconstruct an optimal range-expansion phenotype. Our results indicate that lineage-specific range-shifting abilities increased through an accumulation of adaptive traits that culminated in such a phenotype. This initiated the episode of global colonization and triggered the major radiation of toads. Evolution toward a range-expansion phenotype might be crucial to understanding both ancient widespread radiations and the evolutionary background of contemporary invasive species such as the cane toad.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Biogeogr.

Title: Journal of biogeography

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

ISSN: 0305-0270

ISSN (Print): 0305-0270

Publication date (Electronic): Dec 2015

Volume: 42

Issue: 12

Affiliations

[1 ] Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919-1 TanchaOnna-sonOkinawa904-0495Japan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA.

[2 ] Department of Entomology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Chicago IL USA.

[3 ] Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic; Department of BiologyUniversity of GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMexico.

[4 ] Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC USA.

[5 ] Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA; Department of ZoologyTyumen State UniversityTyumenRussia.

[6 ] Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son Okinawa 904-0495 Japan.

[7 ] Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyMuseum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA; Committee on Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA.

[8 ] Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.

[9 ] CSIRO Land & Water Flagship Darwin NT Australia.

[10 ] Department of Entomology & Nematology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.

[11 ] Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester NY USA.

[12 ] Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA.

Article

Publisher Item ID: JBI12592

DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12592

PMC ID: 5014176

PubMed ID: 27660394

SO-VID: 8ae2e26f-bddc-40ce-a36b-c168d75048db

History

Keywords: Formicidae,ants,colonization,dispersal,diversification,island biogeography,phylogeny,radiation,range expansion,taxon cycle

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Keywords: Formicidae, ants, colonization, dispersal, diversification, island biogeography, phylogeny, radiation, range expansion, taxon cycle

Breaking out of biogeographical modules: range expansion and taxon cycles in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole.

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Hymenoptera

Most cited references 9

Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks

Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in Island Clades.

Gradual adaptation toward a range-expansion phenotype initiated the global radiation of toads.

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