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      The incidence of anaerobic bacteria in adult patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective, single-centre microbiological study

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Chronic sinusitis caused by anaerobes is a particular concern clinically, because many of the complications are associated with infections caused by these organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of anaerobic bacteria in chronic sinusitis in adults as a part of a prospective microbiological study.

          Materials and methods

          Over a one-year period, aspirations of maxillary sinus secretions and/or ethmoid cavities were derived in n = 79 adult patients with chronic sinusitis by endoscopy in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Hungary. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the total cultivable aerobic and anaerobic bacterial and fungal flora cultured on the samples were compared. Correct anaerobic species level identifications were carried out according to standard methods.

          Results

          Bacteria were recovered for all of the 79 aspirates and the numbers of the significant cultured isolates (with colony forming units ≥10 3) were between 1 and 10. A total of 206 isolates, 106 anaerobic and 100 aerobic or facultative-anaerobic strains were isolated. The most common aerobic bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae ( n = 40), Haemophilus influenzae ( n = 29), Moraxella catarrhalis ( n = 6), Staphylococcus aureus ( n = 7) and Streptococcus pyogenes ( n = 6). The anaerobic bacteria included black-pigmented Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. ( n = 27), Actinomyces spp. ( n = 13), Gram-positive anaerobic cocci ( n = 16), Fusobacterium spp. ( n = 19) and Cutibacterium acnes ( n = 8).

          Conclusions

          This study illustrates the microbial dynamics in which anaerobic and aerobic bacteria prevail and highlights the importance of obtaining cultures from patients with chronic sinusitis for guidance in selection of proper antimicrobial therapy.

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          Most cited references39

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          Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis.

          This update of a 2007 guideline from the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Foundation provides evidence-based recommendations to manage adult rhinosinusitis, defined as symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Changes from the prior guideline include a consumer added to the update group, evidence from 42 new systematic reviews, enhanced information on patient education and counseling, a new algorithm to clarify action statement relationships, expanded opportunities for watchful waiting (without antibiotic therapy) as initial therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), and 3 new recommendations for managing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
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            Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology.

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              European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007.

              Rhinosinusitis is a significant and increasing health problem which results in a large financial burden on society. This evidence based position paper describes what is known about rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps, offers evidence based recommendations on diagnosis and treatment, and considers how we can make progress with research in this area. Rhinitis and sinusitis usually coexist and are concurrent in most individuals; thus, the correct terminology is now rhinosinusitis. Rhinosinusitis (including nasal polyps) is defined as inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses characterised by two or more symptoms, one of which should be either nasal blockage/obstruction/congestion or nasal discharge (anterior/posterior nasal drip), +/- facial pain/pressure, +/- reduction or loss of smell; and either endoscopic signs of polyps and/or mucopurulent discharge primarily from middle meatus and/or; oedema/mucosal obstruction primarily in middle meatus, and/or CT changes showing mucosal changes within the ostiomeatal complex and/or sinuses. The paper gives different definitions for epidemiology, first line and second line treatment and for research. Furthermore the paper describes the anatomy and (patho)physiology, epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, evidence based diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis in adults and children. Evidence based schemes for diagnosis and treatment are given for the first and second line clinicians. Moreover attention is given to complications and socio-economic cost of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Last but not least the relation to the lower airways is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                1886
                European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
                EuJMI
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-8633
                June 2020
                05 June 2020
                : 10
                : 2
                : 107-114
                Affiliations
                [1 ] deptDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Szeged, Hungary
                [2 ] deptInstitute for Translational Medicine, Medical School , University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12., Pécs, Hungary
                [3 ] deptDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., Szeged, Hungary
                [4 ] deptDepartment of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-, Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +36 62 341 330. E-mail: mariopharma92@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7552
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-0365
                Article
                10.1556/1886.2020.00010
                93c36e27-a665-4645-be2e-afef96fe5ac5
                © 2020 The Authors

                Open Access statement. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated. (SID_1)

                History
                : 14 April 2020
                : 23 April 2020
                Page count
                Tables: 01, References: 43, Pages: 08
                Categories
                Original Research Paper

                Medicine,Immunology,Health & Social care,Microbiology & Virology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                chronic sinusitis,anaerobic bacteria,microbiology,prospective, Prevotella ,otolaryngology, Porphyromonas

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