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      Playing the wrong game again? Policy responses to problematic video gaming in Brazil : Commentary on: Policy responses to problematic video game use: A systematic review of current measures and future possibilities (Király et al., 2018)

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          Abstract

          Brazil is the leading game market in South America and the second leading market in Latin America. Worldwide, Brazil ranks fourth in number of gamers, with nearly 66.3 million gamers. In the last years, there has been a significant and progressive concern about the negative consequences of video gaming overuse, but no population-based study has estimated the prevalence of problematic gaming in Brazil. There is also no public policy aimed at reducing risk and harm of problematic gaming. Drawing a parallel between gaming and alcohol policies, we discuss some alternatives to address this challenging situation.

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          High risk cohort study for psychiatric disorders in childhood: rationale, design, methods and preliminary results.

          Giovanni Salum, Ary Gadelha, Pedro Pan … (2014)
          The objective of this study is to present the rationale, methods, design and preliminary results from the High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders. We describe the sample selection and the components of each phases of the study, its instruments, tasks and procedures. Preliminary results are limited to the baseline phase and encompass: (i) the efficacy of the oversampling procedure used to increase the frequency of both child and family psychopathology; (ii) interrater reliability and (iii) the role of differential participation rate. A total of 9937 children from 57 schools participated in the screening procedures. From those 2512 (random = 958; high risk = 1554) were further evaluated with diagnostic instruments. The prevalence of any child mental disorder in the random strata and high-risk strata was 19.9% and 29.7%. The oversampling procedure was successful in selecting a sample with higher family rates of any mental disorders according to diagnostic instruments. Interrater reliability (kappa) for the main diagnostic instrument range from 0.72 (hyperkinetic disorders) to 0.84 (emotional disorders). The screening instrument was successful in selecting a sub-sample with "high risk" for developing mental disorders. This study may help advance the field of child psychiatry and ultimately provide useful clinical information.
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            What works where? A systematic review of child and adolescent mental health interventions for low and middle income countries.

            Henrikje Klasen, Anne-Claire Crombag (2013)
            Child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems are common and serious all over the world and are linked to pre-mature deaths and serious dysfunction in adult life. Effective interventions have been developed in high income countries (HIC), but evidence from low income settings is scarce and scattered. The aim of this paper is to identify the most promising interventions in the area of global CAMH.
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              The Mental Health Care Gap among Children and Adolescents: Data from an Epidemiological Survey from Four Brazilian Regions

              Cristiane Paula, Isabel A S Bordin, Jair Mari … (2014)
              Introduction Worldwide, a minority of disordered children/adolescents receives mental health assistance. In order to improve service access, it is important to investigate factors that influence the process leading to receiving care. Data on frequency and barriers for mental health service use (MHSU) among Brazilian children/adolescents are extremely scarce and are needed to guide public policy. Objectives To establish the frequency of MHSU among 6-to-16-year-old with psychiatric disorders from four Brazilian regions; and to identify structural/psychosocial/demographic barriers associated with child/adolescent MHSU. Methods Multicenter cross-sectional-study involving four towns from four out of five Brazilian regions. In each town, a representative sample of elementary public school students was randomly selected (sample: 1,721). Child/adolescent MHSU was defined as being seen by a psychologist/psychiatrist/neurologist in the previous 12 months. Standardized instruments measured: (1) children/adolescent characteristics [(1.1) Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL)-psychiatric disorders; (1.2) Ten Questions Screen-neurodevelopment problems; (1.3) two subtests of WISC-III-estimated IQ; (1.4) Academic Performance Test-school performance)], (2) factors related to mothers/main caregivers (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-anxiety/depression), (3) family (Brazilian Research-Companies-Association's Questionnaire-SES). Results Only 19.8% of children/adolescents with psychiatric disorder have used mental health services in the previous 12 months. Multiple logistic regression modeling identified five factors associated with lower rates of MHSU (female gender, adequate school performance, mother/main caregiver living with a partner, lower SES, residing in deprived Brazilian regions) regardless of the presence of any psychiatric disorders/neurodevelopmental problems. Conclusions Only a small proportion of children/adolescents with psychiatric disorders had been seen by a mental health specialist in the previous 12 months. Structural/psychosocial/demographic factors were associated with uneven access to service for certain groups of children/adolescents. These results call attention to the urgent need to implement programs to help reduce this large unmet mental health need; inequalities must be considered by policy makers when planning strategies to address barriers for care.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Behav Addict
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Behav Addict
                Journal ID (pmc): jba
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JBA
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 28 June 2018
                Publication date (Print, pub): September 2018
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 518-521
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Study Group on Technological Addictions , Porto Alegre, Brazil
                [2 ]Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Daniel Tornaim Spritzer; Study Group on Technological Addictions, Av. Coronel Lucas de Oliveira 505 conj 1107, Porto Alegre 90440-011, RS, Brazil; Phone: +55 51 9921 66054; Fax: +55 51 3311 8444; E-mail: dtspritzer@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.55
                PMC ID: 6426394
                PubMed ID: 29950104
                SO-VID: e4fda24b-58d8-49e1-8e62-9dea2162177c
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 13 January 2018
                Date revision received : 03 June 2018
                Date accepted : 04 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 4
                Funding
                Funding sources: No financial support was received for this study.
                Categories
                Subject: Commentary

                Keywords: brazil,problematic gaming,public policies,prevention
                Data availability:
                Keywords: brazil, problematic gaming, public policies, prevention

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