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      Executive function deficits in team sport athletes with a history of concussion revealed by a visual-auditory dual task paradigm.

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to examine executive functions in team sport athletes with and without a history of concussion. Executive functions comprise many cognitive processes including, working memory, attention and multi-tasking. Past research has shown that concussions cause difficulties in vestibular-visual and vestibular-auditory dual-tasking, however, visual-auditory tasks have been examined rarely. Twenty-nine intercollegiate varsity ice hockey athletes (age = 19.13, SD = 1.56; 15 females) performed an experimental dual-task paradigm that required simultaneously processing visual and auditory information. A brief interview, event description and self-report questionnaires were used to assign participants to each group (concussion, no-concussion). Eighteen athletes had a history of concussion and 11 had no concussion history. The two tests involved visuospatial working memory (i.e., Corsi block test) and auditory tone discrimination. Participants completed both tasks individually, then simultaneously. Two outcome variables were measured, Corsi block memory span and auditory tone discrimination accuracy. No differences were shown when each task was performed alone; however, athletes with a history of concussion had a significantly worse performance on the tone discrimination task in the dual-task condition. In conclusion, long-term deficits in executive functions were associated with a prior history of concussion when cognitive resources were stressed. Evaluations of executive functions and divided attention appear to be helpful in discriminating participants with and without a history concussion.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Sports Sci
          Journal of sports sciences
          Informa UK Limited
          1466-447X
          0264-0414
          Feb 2017
          : 35
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] a Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada.
          Article
          10.1080/02640414.2016.1161214
          26999459
          0cb15046-fa43-48a1-9642-741ddd231a7a
          History

          Concussions,athletes,dividing attention,mild traumatic brain injury

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