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      Model-based analysis supports interglacial refugia over long-dispersal events in the diversification of two South American cactus species.

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          Abstract

          Pilosocereus machrisii and P. aurisetus are cactus species within the P. aurisetus complex, a group of eight cacti that are restricted to rocky habitats within the Neotropical savannas of eastern South America. Previous studies have suggested that diversification within this complex was driven by distributional fragmentation, isolation leading to allopatric differentiation, and secondary contact among divergent lineages. These events have been associated with Quaternary climatic cycles, leading to the hypothesis that the xerophytic vegetation patches which presently harbor these populations operate as refugia during the current interglacial. However, owing to limitations of the standard phylogeographic approaches used in these studies, this hypothesis was not explicitly tested. Here we use Approximate Bayesian Computation to refine the previous inferences and test the role of different events in the diversification of two species within P. aurisetus group. We used molecular data from chloroplast DNA and simple sequence repeats loci of P. machrisii and P. aurisetus, the two species with broadest distribution in the complex, in order to test if the diversification in each species was driven mostly by vicariance or by long-dispersal events. We found that both species were affected primarily by vicariance, with a refuge model as the most likely scenario for P. aurisetus and a soft vicariance scenario most probable for P. machrisii. These results emphasize the importance of distributional fragmentation in these species, and add support to the hypothesis of long-term isolation in interglacial refugia previously proposed for the P. aurisetus species complex diversification.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Heredity (Edinb)
          Heredity
          Springer Nature America, Inc
          1365-2540
          0018-067X
          June 2016
          : 116
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
          [2 ] Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
          Article
          hdy201617
          10.1038/hdy.2016.17
          4868268
          27071846
          7daa0d2e-9ca7-4bfb-bb73-b943ada2bd10
          History

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