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      O uso de Sistema de Frequência Modulada por crianças com perda auditiva: benefício segundo a perspectiva do familiar Translated title: The use of the Frequency Modulation System by hearing-impaired children: benefits from the family’s perspective

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o benefício do uso do sistema de frequência modulada (FM) adaptado em crianças com perda auditiva neurossensorial, segundo a perspectiva do familiar. Método Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, analítico de delineamento transversal. Participaram da pesquisa familiares e cuidadores de crianças de seis a 15 anos com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial, usuárias de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) e/ou implante coclear (IC), que foram beneficiadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com o sistema FM em um serviço de saúde auditiva paranaense. Aplicou-se o questionário Avaliação do Sistema FM composto por 14 perguntas sobre o benefício do uso do FM, bem como sobre as características do AASI e/ou IC e do tipo de sistema FM utilizado pelas crianças. Resultados Houve diferença estatisticamente significante comparando as respostas do questionário com e sem o uso do FM, para todas as situações (silêncio, ruído, apenas via auditiva, distância), observando-se melhor desempenho e mudanças no comportamento em relação à atenção e ao aprendizado com o uso do sistema FM, segundo a percepção dos familiares. Não sendo utilizado nenhum método para avaliar formalmente tais desempenhos. Conclusão Verificou-se que, segundo a óptica dos pais, o uso do sistema FM melhora o desempenho do deficiente auditivo em várias situações acústicas, sendo mais evidente em ambientes de fala no ruído e quando há o aumento da distância da fonte sonora. Apesar de o sistema FM ser utilizado em diferentes situações, trouxe maiores benefícios à criança no ambiente escolar, segundo relato dos pais.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the family’s perspective of benefits of the frequency modulation (FM) system adapted to children with sensorineural hearing loss. Methods This is a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with the participation of family members of hearing-impaired children aged 6 to 15 years, users of hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, benefited with the FM system by a hearing health service of the Unified Health System (SUS), Brazil. The FM Listening Evaluation For Children questionnaire with 14 questions was used to evaluate the benefits of using the FM system, the characteristics of the hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, and the brand/model of the FM system the children used. Results Statistically significant differences were found between the questionnaire responses of FM users and non-users in all situational analyses (quiet, noise, auditory only, distance), with better learning performance and improvements and attention among FM users, from the families’ point of view. No method was used to formally evaluate such performances. Conclusion It was observed that, according to the parents' and guardians’ perceptions, the use of FM systems improves the performance of hearing-impaired children in various acoustic situations, with special emphasis on speech recognition in noisy environments and at increased distances from the sound source. Although used in different contexts and situations, the FM system has brought greater benefits for the children in the school environment, according to the respondents.

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          Most cited references15

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          Treatment efficacy: hearing loss in children.

          This article provides a review of the topic of treatment efficacy for children with hearing loss. Efficacy is related to a wide range of treatment goals in the areas of sensory and perceptual skill development, language development (regardless of communication modality), speech-production skill development, academic performance, and social-emotional growth. Topics addressed in this article include (a) the definition of hearing loss in children; (b) incidence and prevalence data; (c) the effects of childhood hearing loss on daily life, including language and literacy, speech perception and production, socialization and family dynamics; (d) the role of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in managing children with hearing loss; and (e) a summary of pertinent efficacy research for children with hearing loss. The analysis of the available research suggests that (a) early intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing has long-term positive effects on overall development; (b) a variety of communication modalities exist for this population, and research to date has been more descriptive than prognostic on the choice of modality; (c) sensory aids (hearing aids, tactile aids, and cochlear implants) provide different degrees of benefit for children in the areas of speech perception, production, and language development, depending upon the extent of their hearing loss; (d) few studies have addressed rates of learning and long-term outcomes, but existing data suggest that enriched programs provide some children with hearing loss with the ability to overcome developmental lags in language and academic skills.
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            Reception thresholds for sentences in quiet, continuous noise, and interrupted noise in school-age children.

            Sentence recognition in noise was employed to investigate the development of temporal resolution in school-age children. Eighty children aged 6 to 15 years and 16 young adults participated. Reception thresholds for sentences (RTSs) were determined in quiet and in backgrounds of competing continuous and interrupted noise. In the noise conditions, RTSs were determined with a fixed noise level. RTSs were higher in quiet for six- to seven-year-old children (p = .006). Performance was better in the interrupted noise evidenced by lower RTS signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) relative to continuous noise (p < .0001). An effect of age was found in noise (p < .0001) where RTS S/Ns decreased with increasing age. Specifically, children under 14 years performed worse than adults. "Release from masking" was computed by subtracting RTS S/Ns in interrupted noise from continuous noise for each participant. There was no significant difference in RTS S/N difference scores as a function of age (p = .057). Children were more adversely affected by noise and needed greater S/Ns in order to perform as well as adults. Since there was no effect of age on the amount of release from masking, one can suggest that school-age children have inherently poorer processing efficiency rather than temporal resolution.
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              Speech perception in noise: directional microphones versus frequency modulation (FM) systems.

              The major consequence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is communicative difficulty, especially with the addition of noise and/or reverberation. The purpose of this investigation was to compare two types of technologies that have been shown to improve the speech-perception performance of individuals with SNHL: directional microphones and frequency modulation (FM) systems. Forty-six adult subjects with slight to severe SNHL served as subjects. Speech perception was assessed using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) with correlated diffuse noise under five different listening conditions. Results revealed that speech perception was significantly better with the use of the FM system over that of any of the hearing aid conditions, even with the use of the directional microphone. Additionally, speech perception was significantly better with the use of two hearing aids used in conjunction with two FM receivers rather than with just one FM receiver. Directional microphone performance was significantly better than omnidirectional microphone performance. All aided listening conditions were significantly better than the unaided listening condition.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                codas
                CoDAS
                CoDAS
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2317-1782
                October 2017
                : 29
                : 6
                : e20160236
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameInstituto de Estudos Avançados da Audição Brasil
                [02] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
                Article
                S2317-17822017000600300
                10.1590/2317-1782/20172016236
                0014af25-0d7c-4691-af74-4123acdd72b2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 November 2016
                : 06 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Hearing Loss,Family,Hearing Aids,Wireless Technology,Patient Satisfaction,Perda Auditiva,Família,Auxiliares de Audição,Tecnologia Sem Fio,Satisfação do Paciente

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