Conocimiento y prácticas de los agentes de salud comunitarios en el contexto de la promoción de la salud: una revisión integradora

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Abstract

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es identificar en la literatura el conocimiento y las prácticas de los Agentes de Salud de la Comunidad (ACS) sobre promoción de la salud. Método: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS y BDENF, de artículos completos en inglés, portugués o español. Utilizamos el método de análisis temático con el uso de Tablas para una mejor sistematización. Resultados / Discusión: Fue posible analizar que los procesos de trabajo de ACS están fuertemente asociados con la capacitación técnica. Se observan las brechas en la producción de conocimiento sobre promoción de la salud, como práctica diaria, acciones preventivas y distribución de insumos / medicamentos, recolección de información sociodemográfica y la situación de salud de la población, perdiendo así el espacio para la producción de atención basada en promoción de la salud. Conclusión: La creación de lazos y la bienvenida como una herramienta inseparable para el trabajo de la ACS se vuelve pulsante en las discusiones.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT: Objective: We aim to identify in the literature the knowledge and practices of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on health promotion. Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF databases, with full text articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We used the Thematic Analysis method, using Tables for better systematization. Results / Discussion: It was possible to analyze that the CHW work processes are strongly associated with technical training. There are gaps in the production of knowledge about health promotion as a daily practice, with the presence of preventive actions and distribution of commodities/medications and collection of socio-demographic information and of the health situation of the population, leaving the production of care based on health promotion on the background. Conclusion: The discussions highlight the creation of bonds and empathy, as inseparable tools in the work of the CHW.

Translated abstract

RESUMO: Objetivo: Objetivamos identificar na literatura os saberes e práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) sobre a promoção da saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF, de artigos na íntegra em inglês, português ou espanhol. Utilizamos o método Análise Temática com uso de quadros para melhor sistematização. Resultados/Discussão: Foi possível analisar que os processos de trabalhos dos ACS estão fortemente associados à formação técnica. As lacunas na produção do conhecimento sobre promoção da saúde, enquanto prática cotidiana, são observadas ações de prevenção e distribuição de insumos/medicamentos, coleta de informações sociodemográficas e situação de saúde da população, perdendo, dessa forma, espaço de produção de cuidado pautada na promoção da saúde. Conclusão: Torna-se pulsátil nas discussões a criação de vínculo e acolhimento como ferramenta indissociável para o trabalho do ACS.

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Promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida

Paulo Buss (2000)

Existem evidências científicas abundantes que mostram a contribuição da saúde para a qualidade de vida de indivíduos ou populações. Da mesma forma, é sabido que muitos componentes da vida social que contribuem para uma vida com qualidade são também fundamentais para que indivíduos e populações alcancem um perfil elevado de saúde. É necessário mais do que o acesso a serviços médico-assistenciais de qualidade, é preciso enfrentar os determinantes da saúde em toda a sua amplitude, o que requer políticas públicas saudáveis, uma efetiva articulação intersetorial do poder público e a mobilização da população. No presente artigo, o autor faz uma revisão da emergência e desenvolvimento da promoção da saúde, centrando sua análise justamente nas estratégias promocionais acima apontadas, que seriam aquelas que, a partir de proposições do setor saúde, apresentam-se como mais promissoras para o incremento da qualidade de vida, sobretudo em formações sociais com alta desigualdade sócio-sanitária, como é o caso do Brasil. É no movimento dos municípios saudáveis que tais estratégias se concretizam, através de seus próprios fundamentos e práticas, que estão estreitamente relacionados com as inovações na gestão pública para o desenvolvimento local integrado e sustentável e as Agendas 21 locais.

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Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness.

Henry Perry, Rose Zulliger, Michael M Rogers (2014)

Over the past half-century, community health workers (CHWs) have been a growing force for extending health care and improving the health of populations. Following their introduction in the 1970s, many large-scale CHW programs declined during the 1980s, but CHW programs throughout the world more recently have seen marked growth. Research and evaluations conducted predominantly during the past two decades offer compelling evidence that CHWs are critical for helping health systems achieve their potential, regardless of a country's level of development. In low-income countries, CHWs can make major improvements in health priority areas, including reducing childhood undernutrition, improving maternal and child health, expanding access to family-planning services, and contributing to the control of HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis infections. In many middle-income countries, most notably Brazil, CHWs are key members of the health team and essential for the provision of primary health care and health promotion. In the United States, evidence indicates that CHWs can contribute to reducing the disease burden by participating in the management of hypertension, in the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, in diabetes control, in the management of HIV infection, and in cancer screening, particularly with hard-to-reach subpopulations. This review highlights the history of CHW programs around the world and their growing importance in achieving health for all.

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Community health workers' perspectives on their contribution to rural health and well-being in Iran.

Sara Javanparast, Fran Baum, Ronald Labonte … (2011)

The activities of community health workers (CHWs) have been identified as key to improvements in the health of Iran's rural population. We explored the perceptions of CHWs regarding their contribution to rural health in Iran. Three research assistants familiar with the Iranian primary health care network conducted face-to-face interviews with CHWs in 18 provinces in Iran. Findings showed that Iranian CHWs have an in-depth understanding of health, including its social determinants, and are responsible for a wide range of activities. Respondents reported that trust-based relationships with rural communities, an altruistic motivation to serve rural people, and sound health knowledge and skills are the most important factors facilitating successful implementation of the CHW program in Iran. By contrast, high workload and the lack of a support system were mentioned as barriers to effective performance. The CHW program in Iran is a compelling example of comprehensive primary health care, in that CHWs provide basic health care but also work with community members and other sectors to address the social determinants of health.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): eg

Title: Enfermería Global

Abbreviated Title: Enferm. glob.

Publisher: Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )

ISSN (Electronic): 1695-6141

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2020

Volume: 19

Issue: 59

Pages: 626-657

Affiliations

[2] orgnameUniversidad Estadual do Ceará (UECE) Brasil

[3] orgnameUniversidad Estadual do Ceará (UECE) Brasil

[4] orgnameMinisterio de Salud Brasil

[5] orgnameUniversidad Estadual do Ceará (UECE) Brasil

[1] orgnameUniversidad Estadual do Ceará (UECE) Brasil olgaalencar17@ 123456gmail.com

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Publisher ID: S1695-61412020000300626 Publisher ID: S1695-6141(20)01905900626

DOI: 10.6018/eglobal.411151

SO-VID: 00339cee-51ec-4786-9e16-3563f8bc0d2e

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

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Date accepted : 17 February 2020

Date received : 22 January 2020

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 32

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Promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida

Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness.

Community health workers' perspectives on their contribution to rural health and well-being in Iran.

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