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      Discovery of peptide inhibitors targeting human programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor

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          Abstract

          Blocking the interaction of human programmed death 1 (hPD-1) and its ligand hPD-L1 has been a promising immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In this paper, using a computational de novo peptide design method, we designed several hPD-1 binding peptides. The most potent peptide Ar5Y_4 showed a KD value of 1.38 ± 0.39 μM, comparable to the binding affinity of the cognate hPD-L1. A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) competitive binding assay result indicated that Ar5Y_4 could inhibit the interaction of hPD-1/hPD-L1. Moreover, Ar5Y_4 could restore the function of Jurkat T cells which had been suppressed by stimulated HCT116 cells. Peptides described in this paper provide promising biologic candidates for cancer immunotherapy or diagnostics.

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          ROSETTA3: an object-oriented software suite for the simulation and design of macromolecules.

          Andrew Leaver-Fay, Michael Tyka, Steven M. Lewis … (2011)
          We have recently completed a full re-architecturing of the ROSETTA molecular modeling program, generalizing and expanding its existing functionality. The new architecture enables the rapid prototyping of novel protocols by providing easy-to-use interfaces to powerful tools for molecular modeling. The source code of this rearchitecturing has been released as ROSETTA3 and is freely available for academic use. At the time of its release, it contained 470,000 lines of code. Counting currently unpublished protocols at the time of this writing, the source includes 1,285,000 lines. Its rapid growth is a testament to its ease of use. This chapter describes the requirements for our new architecture, justifies the design decisions, sketches out central classes, and highlights a few of the common tasks that the new software can perform. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 614 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Human cancer immunotherapy with antibodies to the PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway.

            Kim C Ohaegbulam, Amer Assal, Eszter Lázár-Molnár … (2015)
            The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2, members of the CD28 and B7 families, play critical roles in T cell coinhibition and exhaustion. Overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-1 on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively, correlates with poor disease outcome in some human cancers. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blockading the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed for cancer immunotherapy via enhancing T cell functions. Clinical trials with mAbs to PD-1 and PD-L1 have shown impressive response rates in patients, particularly for melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and bladder cancer. Further studies are needed to dissect the mechanisms of variable response rate, to identify biomarkers for clinical response, to develop small-molecule inhibitors, and to combine these treatments with other therapies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Novel cancer immunotherapy agents with survival benefit: recent successes and next steps.

              Padmanee Sharma, Klaus. Wagner, Jedd Wolchok … (2011)
              The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved two novel immunotherapy agents, sipuleucel-T and ipilimumab, which showed a survival benefit for patients with metastatic prostate cancer and melanoma, respectively. The mechanisms by which these agents provideclinical benefit are not completely understood. However, knowledge of these mechanisms will be crucial for probing human immune responses and tumour biology in order to understand what distinguishes responders from non-responders. The following next steps are necessary: first, the development of immune-monitoring strategies for the identification of relevant biomarkers; second, the establishment of guidelines for the assessment of clinical end points; and third, the evaluation of combination therapy strategies to improve clinical benefit.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oncotarget
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oncotarget
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Oncotarget
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ImpactJ
                Title: Oncotarget
                Publisher: Impact Journals LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1949-2553
                Publication date Collection: 4 October 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 August 2016
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 40
                Pages: 64967-64976
                Affiliations
                1 State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Lili Zhu, zhulfl@ 123456ecust.edu.cn
                Article
                Publisher ID: 11274
                DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11274
                PMC ID: 5323130
                PubMed ID: 27533458
                SO-VID: 004e9fab-33c5-424f-bd12-2eef5a4eaa5c
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2016 Li et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 6 June 2016
                Date accepted : 29 July 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: immunotherapy,human programmed death 1,peptide inhibitor,protein-protein interactions (ppis),de novo peptide design
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: immunotherapy, human programmed death 1, peptide inhibitor, protein-protein interactions (ppis), de novo peptide design

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