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      Pivoting the Plant Immune System from Dissection to Deployment

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Science
      Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Abstract

          Diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens cause plant diseases and epidemics that threaten crop yield and food security around the world. Research over the last 25 years has led to an increasingly clear conceptual understanding of the molecular components of the plant immune system. Combined with ever-cheaper DNA-sequencing technology and the rich diversity of germ plasm manipulated for over a century by plant breeders, we now have the means to begin development of durable (long-lasting) disease resistance beyond the limits imposed by conventional breeding and in a manner that will replace costly and unsustainable chemical controls.

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          The plant immune system.

          Jonathan Jones, Jeffery Dangl (2006)
          Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction. Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch recognizes and responds to molecules common to many classes of microbes, including non-pathogens. The second responds to pathogen virulence factors, either directly or through their effects on host targets. These plant immune systems, and the pathogen molecules to which they respond, provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms. A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1690 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.

            J L Dangl, J. Jones (2001)
            Plants cannot move to escape environmental challenges. Biotic stresses result from a battery of potential pathogens: fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects intercept the photosynthate produced by plants, and viruses use replication machinery at the host's expense. Plants, in turn, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to perceive such attacks, and to translate that perception into an adaptive response. Here, we review the current knowledge of recognition-dependent disease resistance in plants. We include a few crucial concepts to compare and contrast plant innate immunity with that more commonly associated with animals. There are appreciable differences, but also surprising parallels.
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              Structure and functions of the bacterial microbiota of plants.

              Davide Bulgarelli, Klaus Schlaeppi, Stijn Spaepen … (2013)
              Plants host distinct bacterial communities on and inside various plant organs, of which those associated with roots and the leaf surface are best characterized. The phylogenetic composition of these communities is defined by relatively few bacterial phyla, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. A synthesis of available data suggests a two-step selection process by which the bacterial microbiota of roots is differentiated from the surrounding soil biome. Rhizodeposition appears to fuel an initial substrate-driven community shift in the rhizosphere, which converges with host genotype-dependent fine-tuning of microbiota profiles in the selection of root endophyte assemblages. Substrate-driven selection also underlies the establishment of phyllosphere communities but takes place solely at the immediate leaf surface. Both the leaf and root microbiota contain bacteria that provide indirect pathogen protection, but root microbiota members appear to serve additional host functions through the acquisition of nutrients from soil for plant growth. Thus, the plant microbiota emerges as a fundamental trait that includes mutualism enabled through diverse biochemical mechanisms, as revealed by studies on plant growth-promoting and plant health-promoting bacteria.
              Article 0 comments Cited 584 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Science
                Abbreviated Title: Science
                Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                ISSN (Print): 0036-8075
                ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203
                Publication date Created: August 15 2013
                Publication date Created: August 16 2013
                Publication date (Print): August 16 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): August 15 2013
                Volume: 341
                Issue: 6147
                Pages: 746-751
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
                [2 ]Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
                [3 ]Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
                [4 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
                [5 ]Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
                [6 ]Two Blades Foundation, 1630 Chicago Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
                [7 ]Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3120, USA.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1126/science.1236011
                PMC ID: 3869199
                PubMed ID: 23950531
                SO-VID: 006a2de9-4fcd-476b-90da-a47e122513fb
                Copyright © © 2013
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