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      Ichthyofauna of the Mamanguape river basin, Northeastern, Brazil Translated title: Ictiofauna da bacia do rio Mamanguape, Nordeste, Brasil

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The Mamanguape River Basin is located in a peripheral semi-arid area of South America, with its headwaters and middle reaches running through the Caatinga (from wetter to drier) and its lower reaches through the Atlantic Forest. The objective of this study was to inventory the fish fauna of the Mamanguape river basin through a comprehensive sampling and to discuss its ichthyofaunal dominance pattern. Sampling was conducted between 2015 and 2016 at 38 points throughout. The main river course was sampled at 18 fixed points during two expeditions (dry and wet seasons) using traw nets, cast nets, and dip nets, with a standardized effort. The tributaries were sampled during the dry season at 20 points using an adaptaptation of the AquaRAP methodology. A total of 32 freshwater fish species belonging to 26 genera, 16 families and six orders were recorded, predominantly from the order Characiformes and the family Characidae. Astyanax fasciatus had widest distribution and greatest abundance in the basin. Siluriformes were the second most prevalent order, with five species recorded. Cichla cf. monoculus, Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus were non-native records for the basin. Apareiodon davisi, an Endangered species, was recorded.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: A bacia do rio Mamanguape está situada numa área periférica do semiárido, suas nascentes e porção média correndo em área de domínio da Caatinga - de mais úmida a mais seca, e sua porção baixa em área de Mata Atlântica. O estudo teve por objetivo inventariar a fauna de peixes da bacia do rio Mamanguape, através de uma amostragem abrangente de suas drenagens, e discutir o padrão de dominância de sua ictiofauna. O trabalho de coleta foi realizado entre os anos de 2015 e 2016, em 38 pontos distribuídos em toda a bacia. Dezoito pontos foram amostrados ao longo do curso principal do rio (Pontos Fixos), em duas expedições (seca e cheia), através de arrasto, tarrafa e puçá, com esforço padronizado. Os afluentes foram amostrados durante a estação seca, em 20 pontos, utilizando-se uma adaptação da metodologia AquaRap. Foram registradas 32 espécies de peixes de água doce pertencentes a 26 gêneros, 16 famílias e seis ordens, com predominância da ordem Characiformes e da família Characidae, sendo Astyanax fasciatus a espécie de maior distribuição e abundância na bacia. Siluriformes foi a segunda ordem de maior predominância, com cinco espécies. Cichla cf. monoculus, Oreochromis niloticus e Poecilia reticulata constituíram registros de introdução na bacia; foi registrada Apareiodon davisi, uma espécie ameaçada de extinção (Em Perigo).

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          Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife

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            Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation

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              Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America.

              The freshwater and marine fish faunas of South America are the most diverse on Earth, with current species richness estimates standing above 9100 species. In addition, over the last decade at least 100 species were described every year. There are currently about 5160 freshwater fish species, and the estimate for the freshwater fish fauna alone points to a final diversity between 8000 and 9000 species. South America also has c. 4000 species of marine fishes. The mega-diverse fish faunas of South America evolved over a period of >100 million years, with most lineages tracing origins to Gondwana and the adjacent Tethys Sea. This high diversity was in part maintained by escaping the mass extinctions and biotic turnovers associated with Cenozoic climate cooling, the formation of boreal and temperate zones at high latitudes and aridification in many places at equatorial latitudes. The fresh waters of the continent are divided into 13 basin complexes, large basins consolidated as a single unit plus historically connected adjacent coastal drainages, and smaller coastal basins grouped together on the basis of biogeographic criteria. Species diversity, endemism, noteworthy groups and state of knowledge of each basin complex are described. Marine habitats around South America, both coastal and oceanic, are also described in terms of fish diversity, endemism and state of knowledge. Because of extensive land use changes, hydroelectric damming, water divergence for irrigation, urbanization, sedimentation and overfishing 4-10% of all fish species in South America face some degree of extinction risk, mainly due to habitat loss and degradation. These figures suggest that the conservation status of South American freshwater fish faunas is better than in most other regions of the world, but the marine fishes are as threatened as elsewhere. Conserving the remarkable aquatic habitats and fishes of South America is a growing challenge in face of the rapid anthropogenic changes of the 21st century, and deserves attention from conservationists and policy makers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bn
                Biota Neotropica
                Biota Neotrop.
                Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1676-0611
                2018
                : 18
                : 3
                : e20170452
                Affiliations
                [3] João Pessoa Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba orgdiv1Laboratório de Ictiologia Brazil
                [2] Natal Rio Grande do Norte orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte orgdiv1Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia Brazil
                [1] João Pessoa Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba orgdiv1Laboratório de Sistemática e Morfologia de Peixes Brazil
                Article
                S1676-06032018000300204 S1676-0603(18)01800300204
                10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0452
                0084a7f3-2045-4391-9cf5-1399409375ab

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 September 2017
                : 15 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Article

                Freshwater Fish,Endemismo,Dominância,Lista de Espécies,Peixes de Água-Doce,Semiárido brasileiro,Região Neotropical,Endemism,Dominance,Species List,Brazilian Semiarid,Neotropical Region

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