Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus Caucasus Isolate in European Wild Boars

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Abstract

Since 2007, African swine fever has spread from the Caucasus region. To learn more about the dynamics of the disease in wild boars ( Sus scrofa), we conducted experiments by using European wild boars. We found high virulence of Caucasus isolates limited potential for establishment of endemicity.

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Review of African swine fever: transmission, spread and control.

M L Penrith, W Vosloo (2009)

African swine fever is one of the most important and serious diseases of domestic pigs. Its highly contagious nature and ability to spread over long distances make it one of the most feared diseases, since its devastating effects on pig production have been experienced not only in most of sub-Saharan Africa but also in western Europe, the Caribbean, Brazil and, most recently, the Caucasus. Unlike most diseases of livestock, there is no vaccine, and therefore prevention relies entirely upon preventing contact between the virus and the susceptible host. In order to do so it is necessary to understand the way in which the virus is transmitted and spreads. By implementing strict biosecurity measures that place barriers between the source of virus and the pigs it is possible to prevent infection. However, this has implications for free-ranging pig husbandry systems that are widespread in developing countries. Attempts to produce a vaccine are ongoing and new technology offers some hope for the future, but this will not remove the necessity for implementing adequate biosecurity on pig farms.

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Induced African swine fever in feral pigs.

James Gibbs, Shawn Becker, J McVicar … (1981)

Feral pigs trapped in Florida were exposed by intranasal/oral inoculation or contact to African swine fever virus isolants from the Iberian peninsula and the Dominican Republic. All exposed pigs became sick and died or were killed after becoming moribund. Necropsy revealed lesions typical of African swine fever, but several pigs had marked hemorrhage surrounding the kidneys or rectum or in the gastric, hepatic, or ventral abdominal region that, in the field, might have suggested trauma or poisoning as a cause of death. Most pigs had severe lesions associated with kidney worms. Virus was detected in the blood and selected tissues of each pig, using the hemadsorption reaction in porcine monocyte cultures; direct or indirect immunofluorescence was used to confirm the diagnosis.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): EID

Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISSN (Print): 1080-6040

ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059

Publication date (Print): December 2011

Volume: 17

Issue: 12

Pages: 2342-2345

Affiliations

[1]Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany (C. Gabriel, S. Blome, J.P. Teifke, M. Beer);

[2]National Research Institute for Veterinary Virology and Microbiology, Pokrov, Russia (A. Malogolovkin, S. Parilov, D. Kolbasov)

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Sandra Blome, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany; email: sandra.blome@ 123456fli.bund.de

Article

Publisher ID: 11-0430

DOI: 10.3201/eid1712.110430

PMC ID: 3311204

PubMed ID: 22172247

SO-VID: 008bde66-eea6-43de-9447-9db47760fea7

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