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      Anurans of the Serra do Caraça, southeastern Brazil: species composition and phenological patterns of calling activity Translated title: Anuros da Serra do Caraça, sudeste do Brasil: composição de espécies e padrões sazonais de atividade vocal

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          Abstract

          Annual patterns of calling and breeding activity of 38 anuran species were studied at Serra do Caraça, an 11,233 ha reserve located in a contact zone between Cerrado and Atlantic forest at the southern Espinhaço range, southeastern Brazil. Five patterns were evident: (1) species that call year-round or nearly year-round with larger aggregations generally observed in the rainy months, (2) species with opportunistic calling activity associated with rainfall during the wettest months of the year, (3) winter species, (4) explosive breeders with intense calling activity triggered by heavy rains during the rainy season or only in the beginning of the rainy season, and (5) summer species with variable breeding seasons. Both the monthly number of species with calling males and the monthly number of species that showed the maximum class of calling males were positively correlated with both mean monthly temperature and monthly precipitation.

          Translated abstract

          Estudamos os padrões anuais de atividade vocal e reprodutiva de 38 espécies de anuros da Serra do Caraça, uma reserva de 11.233 ha localizada na zona de contato entre o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. Cinco padrões foram evidenciados: (1) espécies que vocalizaram o ano todo ou quase o ano todo com agregações maiores geralmente observadas na estação chuvosa, (2) espécies com atividade vocal oportunista associada à precipitação durante os meses mais úmidos, (3) espécies de inverno, (4) espécies com reprodução explosiva com atividade vocal disparada por chuvas intensas durante a estação chuvosa ou apenas no início dessa estação e (5) espécies de verão com temporadas de vocalização variáveis. O número de espécies vocalmente ativas e o número de espécies que apresentaram agregações máximas de machos ativos mostraram-se positivamente correlacionados tanto com a temperatura média mensal como com a precipitação mensal acumulada.

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          The social behaviour of anuran amphibians

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            The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador

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              Annual activity patterns of anurans in a seasonal neotropical environment.

              At Panguana, a study in the upper Amazon basin, 7 different aquatic breeding sites of anurans were investigated from Nov. 1, 1981 to Oct. 31, 1982. Rainfall in this area is seasonal. Only 20% of the total annual precipitation was maesured during the dry period, which lasted from mid-March until mid-September 1982. The reproductive periods of the species were highly affected by the rainfall distribution. Calling males and/or gravid females of 46 species were found during the study period. 37.0% of the anuran species were exclusively, and 43.5% predominantly, active during the rainy season. Plots of 100 m(2) were established at 6 aquatic sites in primary rainforest. A total of 2126 frogs was counted; 93.2% of these were made during the rainy season. A maximum of 378 individuals were found during one check in the plot at the permanent pond. At this site high concentrations of individuals and large choruses were found at the beginning of the rainy season. As soon as favourable temporary aquatic sites were established, reproductive activities decreased at the permanent pond and increased at temporary breeding sites.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                isz
                Iheringia. Série Zoologia
                Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
                Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre )
                1678-4766
                March 2007
                : 97
                : 1
                : 21-26
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0073-47212007000100004
                10.1590/S0073-47212007000100004
                00b9fa58-4b01-429b-8c71-a2bf6e7d620b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0073-4721&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Anurans,breeding phenology,Atlantic rainforest,montane meadows,southeastern Brazil,Anura,fenologia reprodutiva,Mata Atlântica,campos rupestres,sudeste do Brasil

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