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      Assessment of the implementation of preventive measures by Iraqis people to reduce the spread of coviD-19 pandemic Translated title: Valoración de la implementación de medidas preventivas por parte del pueblo iraquí para reducir la propagación de la pandemia de COVID-19

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Background and aim The new outbreak "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)" happened in china is caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Consequently, it spreads across the globe and is affecting wellbeing frameworks and the global economy. This pandemic disease places a heavy burden on governments in general, so individuals must adhere to WHO's instructions to limit its spread. The current study was applied to find out the extent of commitment among the Iraqi people to the standards of prevention measures against the coronavirus. Materials and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted with 1153 respondents widely in all governorates of Iraq to identify the commitment of the Iraqis to the preventive measures against COVID-19 in Iraq. This study covered the Iraqis in three main regions (Southern, middle, and Northern) for data collection. It was conducted between the 17th and 25th of March 2020, and Iraqis were administered with a structured questionnaire comprising of three domains. Results The results showed that the majority of the respondents (52%) were female, and most of them (42.3%) were observed between the age group of 31-40 years. About 82% of the respondents were residents of urban areas. Conclusion This study reveals the excellent implementation of preventive measures by the population. It is observed that the application of prevention standards in the countryside is less than in the city.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Antecedentes y objetivo El nuevo brote "Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)" que sufrió en China es el problema del coronavirus 2 del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2). En consecuencia, se extiende por todo el mundo y está afectando los marcos de bienestar y la economía global. Esta enfermedad pandémica supone una gran carga para los gobiernos en general, por lo que las personas deben cumplir con las instrucciones de la OMS para limitar su propagación. El estudio actual se aplicó para determinar el grado de compromiso entre el pueblo iraquí con los parámetros de medidas de prevención contra el coronavirus. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal con 1153 encuestados en todas las provincias de Iraq para identificar el compromiso de los iraquíes con las medidas preventivas contra COVID-19 en Iraq. Este estudio cubrió a los iraquíes en tres regiones principales (sur, medio y norte) para la recopilación de datos. Se realizó entre el 17 y el 25 de marzo de 2020, y los iraquíes fueron administrados con un cuestionario estructurado que consta de tres dominios. Resultados los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los encuestados (52%) eran mujeres, y la mayoría de ellos (42,3%) se observaron entre el grupo de edad de 31-40 años. Alrededor del 82% de los encuestados eran residentes de áreas urbanas. Conclusión Este estudio revela la excelente implementación de medidas preventivas por parte de la población. Se observa que la aplicación de normas de prevención en el campo es menor que en la ciudad.

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia.

            A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from the sputum of a 60-year-old man who presented with acute pneumonia and subsequent renal failure with a fatal outcome in Saudi Arabia. The virus (called HCoV-EMC) replicated readily in cell culture, producing cytopathic effects of rounding, detachment, and syncytium formation. The virus represents a novel betacoronavirus species. The closest known relatives are bat coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5. Here, the clinical data, virus isolation, and molecular identification are presented. The clinical picture was remarkably similar to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and reminds us that animal coronaviruses can cause severe disease in humans.
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              Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China

              To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsap
                Revista de Salud Pública
                Rev. salud pública
                Instituto de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, DF, Colombia )
                0124-0064
                April 2020
                : 22
                : 2
                : e206
                Affiliations
                [1] Baghdad orgnameMiddle Technical University Iraq
                [2] Dammam orgnameImam Abdulrahman Bin Fisal University Saudi Arabia vrrangan@ 123456iad.edu.sa
                Article
                S0124-00642020000200206 S0124-0064(20)02200200206
                10.15446/rsap.v22n2.86475
                00c34e21-1759-4c91-89b1-dc327d8bf6d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 April 2020
                : 21 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Articles/Research

                coronavirus,preventive measures,esterilización,implementación (fuente: DeCS, BIREME),Covid-19,sterilization,implementation (source: MeSH, NLM),COVID-19,medidas preventivas

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