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      Integration of reward signalling and appetite regulating peptide systems in the control of food‐cue responses

      review-article
      1 , 2 , , 1 , 2
      British Journal of Pharmacology
      John Wiley and Sons Inc.

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          Abstract

          Understanding the neurobiological substrates that encode learning about food‐associated cues and how those signals are modulated is of great clinical importance especially in light of the worldwide obesity problem. Inappropriate or maladaptive responses to food‐associated cues can promote over‐consumption, leading to excessive energy intake and weight gain. Chronic exposure to foods rich in fat and sugar alters the reinforcing value of foods and weakens inhibitory neural control, triggering learned, but maladaptive, associations between environmental cues and food rewards. Thus, responses to food‐associated cues can promote cravings and food‐seeking by activating mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurocircuitry, and exert physiological effects including salivation. These responses may be analogous to the cravings experienced by abstaining drug addicts that can trigger relapse into drug self‐administration. Preventing cue‐triggered eating may therefore reduce the over‐consumption seen in obesity and binge‐eating disorder. In this review we discuss recent research examining how cues associated with palatable foods can promote reward‐based feeding behaviours and the potential involvement of appetite‐regulating peptides including leptin, ghrelin, orexin and melanin concentrating hormone. These peptide signals interface with mesolimbic dopaminergic regions including the ventral tegmental area to modulate reactivity to cues associated with palatable foods. Thus, a novel target for anti‐obesity therapeutics is to reduce non‐homeostatic, reward driven eating behaviour, which can be triggered by environmental cues associated with highly palatable, fat and sugar rich foods.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Br J Pharmacol
          Br. J. Pharmacol
          10.1111/(ISSN)1476-5381
          BPH
          British Journal of Pharmacology
          John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
          0007-1188
          1476-5381
          01 November 2015
          November 2015
          : 172
          : 22 ( doiID: 10.1111/bph.v172.22 )
          : 5225-5238
          Affiliations
          [ 1 ] School of Psychology UNSW Sydney Sydney UNSW Australia
          [ 2 ] School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Sydney UNSW Australia
          Author notes
          [*] [* ] Correspondence

          Amy C. Reichelt, PhD, School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia. E‐mail: a.reichelt@ 123456unsw.edu.au

          Article
          PMC5341214 PMC5341214 5341214 BPH13321 2015-BJP-0554-R.R1
          10.1111/bph.13321
          5341214
          26403657
          00f8e744-0cbe-497e-9561-45220a0bbb67
          © 2015 The British Pharmacological Society
          History
          : 03 June 2015
          : 28 July 2015
          : 27 August 2015
          Page count
          Pages: 14
          Categories
          Review
          Reviews
          Custom metadata
          2.0
          bph13321
          November 2015
          Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.0.8 mode:remove_FC converted:07.03.2017

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