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      Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Parainfluenza Virus

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Influenza virus is the most frequently reported viral cause of rhabdomyolysis. A 7-year-old child is presented with rhabdomyolysis associated with parainfluenza type 2 virus. Nine cases of rhabdomyolysis associated with parainfluenza virus have been reported. Complications may include electrolyte disturbances, acute renal failure, and compartment syndrome.

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          Infectious etiologies of rhabdomyolysis: three case reports and review.

          W. Scheld, U. Singh (1996)
          Rhabdomyolysis can be precipitated by trauma, ischemia, metabolic defects, electrolyte abnormalities, drugs, and a wide variety of infectious diseases. At our institution, recent cases of rhabdomyolysis induced by influenza prompted us to review the infectious etiologies of this entity. In addition, a thorough literature search revealed numerous case reports but no general review on this subject. This study describes representative recent cases from our institution and details the wide variety of infections that can cause muscle damage. The pathophysiological mechanisms, muscle histology, and correlation with renal dysfunction are also discussed.
          Article 0 comments Cited 67 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Acute pediatric rhabdomyolysis: causes and rates of renal failure.

            Y. M. Tan, Rebekah Mannix, Robert O Wright … (2006)
            The goals were to (1) compare the causes, clinical presentation, and prevalence of acute renal failure in pediatric rhabdomyolysis with the published data for adults; (2) determine predictors of acute renal failure in pediatric patients with rhabdomyolysis; and (3) explore the relationship of acute renal failure with treatment modalities such as fluid and bicarbonate administration. We performed a retrospective chart review to identify patients with creatinine kinase levels of > 1000 IU/L who were treated in the emergency department of a tertiary pediatric hospital between 1993 and 2003, and we constructed regression models. Two hundred ten patients were studied. One hundred ninety-one patients met study eligibility (128 male and 63 female), with a median age of 11 years. The most common documented symptoms were muscle pain (45%), fever (40%), and symptoms of viral infection (39%). The most common causes of pediatric rhabdomyolysis were viral myositis (38%), trauma (26%), and connective tissue disease (5%). Six of 37 patients with creatinine kinase levels of > or = 6000 IU/L had previously undiagnosed dermatomyositis or hereditary metabolic disease, compared with 10 of 154 patients with creatinine kinase levels of 1000 to 5999 IU/L. Nine of 191 patients developed acute renal failure. None of 99 patients with initial urinary heme dipstick results of or = 2+. Higher initial creatinine kinase levels and higher fluid administration rates were associated with higher maximal creatinine levels. The cause of acute pediatric rhabdomyolysis is different from that of adult rhabdomyolysis. The risk of acute renal failure in children is much less than the risk reported for adults.
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              Influenza-associated myositis in children.

              C. Aebi, A Duppenthaler, U. Heininger … (2004)
              Influenza-associated myositis (IAM) is an infrequent and poorly known complication of influenza virus infection in children. The aim of this study was to describe five cases of IAM and to review the literature on IAM in children. We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases of IAM diagnosed at two university children's hospitals in Switzerland during two consecutive influenza seasons. Findings were compared with 39 individual case reports and five publications summarizing an additional 272 cases identified by a medical online library (MEDLINE) search. Overall, 316 cases were analyzed. IAM typically occurred in school-aged children with a 2:1 male predominance. Influenza B and A viruses were identified in 76% and 24% of cases, respectively. The median interval between onset of influenza and onset of IAM was 3 days (range 0-18). The calf muscles were involved alone or together with other muscle groups in 69% and 31% of cases, respectively. Blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration was invariably elevated. Median duration to clinical recovery was 3 days (range 1-30). Rhabdomyolysis occurred in ten of 316 patients (3%), was more common in girls (80%), more often associated with influenza A (86%), and led to renal failure in eight patients (80%). Clinical and laboratory findings of IAM are highly characteristic and allow a rapid diagnosis during the influenza season.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRIM.ID
                Title: Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-6625
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-6633
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 June 2013
                Volume: 2013
                Electronic Location Identifier: 650965
                Affiliations
                1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa School of Community Medicine, Children's Hospital at Saint Francis, Division of Hospital Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 4502 East 41st Street, 2A-31, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
                2Department of Clinical and Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital at Saint Francis, 2738 East 51st Street, Suite 290, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
                Author notes

                Academic Editors: K. Chokephaibulkit and A. Marangoni

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-7306
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2013/650965
                PMC ID: 3697188
                PubMed ID: 23840985
                SO-VID: 011a7fdc-c56d-49a4-8b50-fc8914c5cb32
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2013 Miltiadis Douvoyiannis et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 31 March 2013
                Date accepted : 2 June 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

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