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      Callous-Unemotional Traits in Children and Adolescents : Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits

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          Abstract

          Abstract. The Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to measure callous-unemotional (CU) psychopathic traits in children and adolescents. Studies that have examined the factor structure of ICU showed considerable controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric proprieties of the Portuguese translation of the ICU. A total of 1,011 children and adolescents (495 boys and 516 girls), mean age of 13.36 years, participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis produced two factors: uncaring and callousness; Cronbach’s α for each of the factor was .83 and .79 for the total score. Significant main gender and interaction between gender and age effects were found; girls reported lower CU traits than boys; children reported higher CU traits compared to preadolescents and adolescents, particularly in boys. CU also correlated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and psychosocial impairment. Furthermore, CU traits related to conduct problems both in boys and in girls, although this relationship was higher for boys. To conclude, findings of the present study showed that the Portuguese version of the ICU seems to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess CU traits among children and adolescents in Portugal. However, the original 3-factor model was not supported.

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          The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version.

          The self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to two samples of 11-16 year olds: 83 young people in the community and 116 young people attending a mental health clinic. The questionnaire discriminated satisfactorily between the two samples. For example, the clinic mean for the total difficulties score was 1.4 standard deviations above the community mean, with clinic cases being over six times more likely to have a score in the abnormal range. The correlations between self-report SDQ scores and teacher- or parent-rated SDQ scores compared favourably with the average cross-informant correlations in previous studies of a range of measures. The self-report SDQ appears promising and warrants further evaluation.
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            Annual research review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems.

            Recent research has suggested that the presence of significant levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates a clinically important and etiologically distinct subgroup of children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. Based on this research, CU traits have been included in the most recent revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013)--as a specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder. In this review, we attempt to understand CU traits within a developmental psychopathological framework. Specifically, we summarize research on the normal development of the prosocial emotions of empathy and guilt (i.e., conscience) and we illustrate how the development of CU traits can be viewed as the normal development of conscience gone awry. Furthermore, we review research on the stability of CU traits across different developmental periods and highlight factors that can influence this stability. Finally, we highlight the implications of this developmental psychopathological framework for future etiological research, for assessment and diagnostic classification, and for treatment of children with serious conduct problems.
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              TEACHER'S CORNER: The MACS Approach to Testing for Multigroup Invariance of a Second-Order Structure: A Walk Through the Process

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                jpa
                European Journal of Psychological Assessment
                Hogrefe Publishing
                1015-5759
                2151-2426
                November 29, 2017
                2018
                : 34
                : 2 , Special Issue: Assessing Behavior Difficulties in Students
                : 101-110
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Research Centre in Psychology, ISMAT, Portimao, Portugal
                [ 2 ]Psychiatry Department, CHUA, Porto, Portugal
                [ 3 ]ERISA/ULHT, Portugal
                [ 4 ]Faculty of Human Kinetics and ISAMB, University of Lisbon & WJCR/ISPA, Portugal
                [ 5 ]Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, UK
                Author notes
                Marina Carvalho, Research Centre in Psychology – ISMAT, Rua Estevão de Vasconcelos, 33, 8500-656 Portimão, Portugal, marina.carvalho@ 123456ulusofona.pt
                Article
                jpa_34_2_101
                10.1027/1015-5759/a000449
                01416853-185c-46b5-9522-1dcc9ccebf05
                Copyright @ 2017
                History
                : May 28, 2016
                : April 17, 2017
                : April 17, 2017
                Categories
                Original Article
                Clinical Psychology

                Assessment, Evaluation & Research methods,Psychology,General behavioral science
                children and adolescents,callous-unemotional traits,ICU,conduct problems,psychopathy

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