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      Swespine: the Swedish spine register : The 2012 report

      research-article
      , , , , , Swedish Society of Spinal Surgeons
      European Spine Journal
      Springer-Verlag
      Spine surgery, Outcome, Register, Disc herniation, Spondylolisthesis, Spinal stenosis

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Swespine, the Swedish National Spine Register, has existed for 20 years and is in general use within the country since over 10 years regarding degenerative lumbar spine disorders. Today there are protocols for registering all disorders of the entire spinal column.

          Materials and methods

          Patient-based pre- and postoperative questionnaires, completed before surgery and at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Among patient-based data are VAS pain, ODI, SF-36 and EQ-5D. Postoperatively evaluation of leg and back pain as compared to preoperatively ("global assessment"), overall satisfaction with outcome and working conditions are registered in addition to the same parameters as preoperatively evaluation. A yearly report is produced including an analytic part of a certain topic, in this issue disc prosthesis surgery.

          More than 75,000 surgically treated patients are registered to date with an increasing number yearly. The present report includes 7,285 patients; 1-, 2- and 5-year follow-up data of previously operated patients are also included for lumbar disorders as well as for disc prosthesis surgery.

          Results

          For the degenerative lumbar spine disorders (disc herniation, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis and DDD) significant improvements are seen in all aspects as exemplified by pronounced improvement regarding EQ-5D and ODI. Results seem to be stable over time. Spinal stenosis is the most common indication for spine surgery. Disc prosthesis surgery yields results on a par with fusion surgery in disc degenerative pain. The utility of spine surgery is well documented by the results.

          Conclusion

          Results of spine surgery as documented on a national basis can be utilized for quality assurance and quality improvement as well as for research purposes, documenting changes over time and bench marking when introducing new surgical techniques. A basis for international comparisons is also laid.

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          Most cited references35

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          Smokers show less improvement than nonsmokers two years after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 4555 patients from the Swedish spine register.

          A cohort study based on the Swedish Spine Register. To determine the relation between smoking status and disability after surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. Smoking and nicotine have been shown to inhibit lumbar spinal fusion and promote disc degeneration. No association, however, has previously been found between smoking and outcome after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. A large prospective study is therefore needed. All patients with a completed 2-year follow-up in the Swedish Spine Register operated for central lumbar stenosis before October 1, 2006 were included. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between smoking status and outcomes. Of 4555 patients enrolled, 758 (17%) were current smokers at the time of surgery. Smokers had an inferior health-related Quality of Life at baseline. Nevertheless, adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics, the odds ratio (OR) for a smoker to end up dissatisfied at the 2-year follow-up after surgery was 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-2.12]. Smokers had more regular use of analgesics (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.55-2.23). Walking ability was less likely to be significantly improved in smokers with an OR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.51-0.82). Smokers had inferior Quality of Life also after taking differences before surgery into account, either when measured with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI; P < 0.001), EuroQol (P < 0.001) or Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) BP and SF-36 PF (P < 0.001). The differences in results between smokers and nonsmokers were evident, irrespective of whether the decompression was done with or without spinal fusion. Smoking is an important predictor for 2-year results after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Smokers had less improvement after surgery than nonsmokers.
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            Obesity is associated with inferior results after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 2633 patients from the Swedish spine register.

            A cohort study based on the Swedish Spine Register. To determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and outcome of lumbar spine surgery for spinal stenosis. Several small studies have sought to evaluate the importance of obesity in relation to results after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), but the findings are inconsistent and relatively weak. All patients who underwent surgery for LSS from January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2008, with a completed 2-year follow-up in the Swedish Spine Register were included. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between BMI and different outcomes. Of the 2633 patients enrolled, 819 (31%) had normal weight, 1208 (46%) were overweight, and 606 (23%) were obese. On average, all 3 BMI groups achieved significant improvements after surgery. A higher BMI, however, was associated with greater odds of dissatisfaction after surgery and inferior results at the 2-year follow-up. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, the obese group demonstrated inferior function and quality of life as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the EuroQol Group Index (EQ-5D), respectively. At the 2-year follow-up, obese patients had a mean ODI of 33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 31-34) and mean EQ-5D of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.54-0.59) compared with a mean ODI of 25 (95% CI, 24-26) and mean EQ-5D of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62-0.66) in the normal weight group. When compared with the normal weight patients, the adjusted odds ratio for dissatisfaction was 1.73 in the obese group (95% CI, 1.36-2.19). Differences between the normal weight and overweight groups were modest and therefore could not be considered clinically relevant. Obese patients achieved significant pain reduction, better walking ability, and improved quality of life after surgical treatment of LSS. Nevertheless, obesity was associated with a higher degree of dissatisfaction and poorer outcomes after surgery for LSS.
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              Total disc replacement compared to lumbar fusion: a randomised controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

              The study design includes a prospective, randomised controlled study comparing total disc replacement (TDR) with posterior fusion. The main objective of this study is to compare TDR with lumbar spinal fusion, in terms of clinical outcome, in patients referred to a spine clinic for surgical evaluation. Fusion is effective for treating chronic low back pain (LBP), but has drawbacks, such as stiffness and possibly adjacent level degradation. Motion-preserving options have emerged, of which TDR is frequently used because of these drawbacks. How the results of TDR compare to fusion, however, is uncertain. One hundred and fifty-two patients with a mean age of 40 years (21-55) were included: 90 were women, and 80 underwent TDR. The patients had not responded to a conservative treatment programme and suffered from predominantly LBP, with varying degrees of leg pain. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, radiographs, MRI, and in unclear cases, diagnostic injections. Outcome measures were global assessment (GA), VAS for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, SF36 and EQ5D at 1 and 2 years. Follow-up rate was 100%, at both 1 and 2 years. All outcome variables improved in both groups between preoperative and follow-up assessment. The primary outcome measure, GA, revealed that 30% in the TDR group and 15% in the fusion group were totally pain-free at 2 years (P = 0.031). TDR patients had reached maximum recovery in virtually all variables at 1 year, with significant differences compared to the fusion group. The fusion patients continued to improve and at 2 years had results similar to TDR patients apart from numbers of pain-free. Complications and reoperations were similar in both groups, but pedicle screw removal as additive surgery, was frequent in the fusion group. One year after surgery, TDR was superior to spinal fusion in clinical outcome, but this difference had diminished by 2 years, apart from (VAS for back pain and) numbers of pain-free. The long-term benefits have yet to be examined.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                bjorn.stromqvist@med.lu.se
                http://www.4s.nu
                Journal
                Eur Spine J
                Eur Spine J
                European Spine Journal
                Springer-Verlag (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0940-6719
                1432-0932
                11 April 2013
                11 April 2013
                April 2013
                : 22
                : 4
                : 953-974
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Orthopedics Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Hospital, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
                [ ]Department of Neuro-Orthopedics, Ryhov County Hospital Jönköping, Jönköping, Sweden
                [ ]Spine Center Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
                [ ]Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
                Article
                2758
                10.1007/s00586-013-2758-9
                3631024
                23575657
                014372c3-d1ac-4c7a-875f-cfa5594ed0d8
                © The Author(s) 2013

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                Categories
                Spine Registry
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

                Orthopedics
                disc herniation,outcome,register,spinal stenosis,spine surgery,spondylolisthesis
                Orthopedics
                disc herniation, outcome, register, spinal stenosis, spine surgery, spondylolisthesis

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