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      Relación entre las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico general y específico en competidores de taekwondo chilenos de nivel nacional de ambos sexos: un estudio observacional Translated title: Relationship between the characteristics of body composition and general and specific physical performance in Chilean national taekwondo competitors of both sexes: an observational study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: El objetivo fue examinar la correlación entre las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico general y específico en competidores de TKD de nivel nacional de Chile de ambos sexos. Material y Métodos: Diseño observacional con 14 competidores de diferentes categorías de peso corporal y que compiten habitualmente en torneos de nivel regional y nacional; edad 19 (3) años; talla 164 (10) cm; peso corporal 62 (10) kg; años de experiencia 7,2 (2,9) años participaron en este estudio. Se evaluaron el peso corporal (kg) (PC), la masa grasa (kg) (MG), el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG), la masa muscular (kg) (MM) y el índice de masa corporal (kg/m2) (IMC). Variables del RF general incluyeron squat jump (cm) (SJ), countermovement jump (cm) (CMJ), velocidad lineal en 5-m (s) (5-M) y 20-m shuttle run test (min) (20MSR) y de forma específica la prueba de agilidad específica en taekwondo (s) (TSAT) y la prueba de velocidad de frecuencia múltiple de patadas (FSKTMULT), específicamente el índice de disminución de patadas (FSKTMULT KDI%) y el número máximo de patadas ejecutadas (FSKTMULT MAX). Resultados: Se documentó una relación grande significativa (p<0,00) entre el %MG, la MG y la MM y la mayoría de las variables de rendimiento físico general analizadas. Relaciones grandes significativas (p<0,05) se observaron entre %MG, la MG y la MM y la prueba TSAT. Una relación grande significativa se documentó entre la MM y FSKTMULT MAX (p<0,03) y entre la MG y FSKTMULT KDI% (p<0,04). Correlaciones moderadas a bajas se observaron entre el PC y el IMC en la mayoría de las variables de rendimiento físico analizadas. Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que un bajo %MG y MG seguido de una adecuada MM están relacionados con el rendimiento físico general específico en competidores chilenos de TKD de nivel nacional de ambos sexos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition characteristics and general and specific physical performance in Chilean national level TKD competitors of both sexes. Material and Methods: Through an observational design 14 competitors of different categories of body weight and who usually compete in regional and national level tournaments; age 19 (3) years; size 164 (10) cm; body weight 62 (10) kg; years of experience 7.2 (2.9) years. They participated in this study. Different characteristics of body composition that included body weight (kg) (BW), fat mass (kg) (FM), percentage of fat mass (%FM), muscle mass (kg) (MM) were evaluated and the body mass index (kg/m2) (BMI). On the other hand variables of the general RF included squat jump (cm) (SJ), countermovement jump (cm) (CMJ), linear speed in 5-m (s) (5-M) and 20-m shuttle run test (min) (20MSR) and specifically the specific agility test in taekwondo (s) (TSAT) and the multiple frequency kick speed test (FSKTMULT) specifically the rate of decrease of kicks (FSKTMULT KDI%) and the maximum number of kicks executed (FSKTMULT MAX). Results: Among the main findings of the study, a significant large relationship (p<0.00) between %MG, MG and MM and most of the general physical performance variables analyzed was documented. Specifically, significant significant relationships (p<0.05) were observed between %MG, MG and MM and the TSAT test. While a significant large relationship was documented between MM and FSKTMULT MAX (p<0.03) and between MG and FSKTMULT KDI% (p<0.04). As moderate to low correlations were observed between the PC and the BMI in most of the physical performance variables analyzed. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a low% MG and MG followed by adequate MM are related to the specific general physical performance in Chilean national TKD competitors of both sexes.

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          Most cited references24

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          Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing.

          At present, no agreement on a precise definition of agility within the sports science community exists. The term is applied to a broad range of sport contexts, but with such great inconsistency, it further complicates our understanding of what trainable components may enhance agility. A new definition of agility is proposed: "a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus". Agility has relationships with trainable physical qualities such as strength, power and technique, as well as cognitive components such as visual-scanning techniques, visual-scanning speed and anticipation. Agility testing is generally confined to tests of physical components such as change of direction speed, or cognitive components such as anticipation and pattern recognition. New tests of agility that combine physical and cognitive measures are encouraged.
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            Reliability and Agreement of Various InBody Body Composition Analyzers as Compared to Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Healthy Men and Women

            Bioelectrical impedance analysis has evolved over the years to include the use of multiple frequencies and impedance measurements to improve the accuracy and reliability of body composition estimates. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability of the InBody230, InBody720, and InBody770 to measure body fat percent (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) in the general population and to compare results to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
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              Physical and physiological profiles of taekwondo athletes.

              Taekwondo has evolved into a modern-day Olympic combat sport. The physical and physiological demands of modern-day taekwondo competition require athletes to be competent in several aspects of fitness. This review critically explores the physical and physiological characteristics of taekwondo athletes and presents implications for training and research. International taekwondo athletes possess low levels of body fat and a somatotype that characterises a blend of moderate musculoskeletal tissue and relative body linearity. While there is some variation in the maximum oxygen uptake of taekwondo athletes, moderate to high levels of cardio-respiratory fitness are necessary to support the metabolic demands of fighting and to facilitate recovery between consecutive matches. Taekwondo athletes demonstrate high peak anaerobic power characteristics of the lower limbs and this attribute appears to be conducive to achieving success in international competition. The ability to generate and sustain power output using both concentric and 'stretch-shortening cycle' muscle actions of the lower limbs may be important to support the technical and tactical actions in combat. Taekwondo competitors also display moderate to high maximum dynamic strength characteristics of the lower and upper extremities, and moderate endurance properties of the trunk and hip flexor musculature. The dynamic nature of the technical and tactical actions in the sport demand high flexibility of the lower limbs. More extensive research is required into the physical and physiological characteristics of taekwondo athletes to extend existing knowledge and to permit specialised conditioning for different populations within the sport.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                June 2020
                : 24
                : 2
                : 154-164
                Affiliations
                [1] Toledo orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte orgdiv2Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Deportivo Spain
                [3] Puerto Montt Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación Chile
                [2] Osorno Los Lagos orgnameUniversidad de Los Lagos orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación del Laboratorio de Desempeño Humano, Calidad de Vida y Bienestar Chile
                Article
                S2174-51452020000200008 S2174-5145(20)02400200008
                10.14306/renhyd.24.2.969
                01439347-b324-4427-a43b-12000de55145

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 March 2020
                : 29 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Taekwondo,Martial Arts,Body Weight,Body Mass Index,Body Height,Body Weights and Measures,Anthropometry,Artes Marciales,Estatura,Peso Corporal,Índice de Masa Corporal,Pesos y Medidas Corporales,Antropometría

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